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Timed automata are the formal model for real-time systems. Extensions with discrete probabilistic branching have been considered in the literature and successfully applied. Probabilistic timed automata (PTA) do require all branching…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Darion Haase , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Existing literature on timed opacity uses specific definitions for restricted subclasses of timed automata or limited observation models. This lack of a unified definition makes it difficult to establish formal relationships and compare the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Zhe Zhang , Martijn Goorden , Michel Reniers

Networks of timed automata (NTA) are widely used to model distributed real-time systems. Quite often in the literature, the automata are allowed to share clocks, i.e. transitions of one automaton may be guarded by conditions on the value of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Sandie Balaguer , Thomas Chatain

Timed automata and register automata are well-known models of computation over timed and data words respectively. The former has clocks that allow to test the lapse of time between two events, whilst the latter includes registers that can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-20 Diego Figueira , Piotr Hofman , Sławomir Lasota

We introduce the model of communicating timed automata (CTA) that extends the classical models of finite-state processes communicating through FIFO perfect channels and timed automata, in the sense that the finite-state processes are…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2018-03-20 Parosh Aziz Abdulla , Mohamed Faouzi Atig , S. Krishna

In this paper, we define the class of hourglass automata, which are timed automata with bounded clocks that can be made to progress backwards as well as forwards at a constant rate. We then introduce a new clock update for timed automata…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-08-27 Yuki Osada , Tim French , Mark Reynolds , Harry Smallbone

The paper is devoted to a mathematical model of concurrency the special case of which is asynchronous system. Distributed asynchronous automata are introduced here. It is proved that the Petri nets and transition systems with independence…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2012-03-15 Ahmet A. Husainov , Ekaterina S. Kudryashova

Timed automata (TAs) are an extension of finite automata that can measure and react to the passage of time, providing the ability to handle real-time constraints using clocks. In 2009, Franck Cassez showed that the timed opacity problem,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Étienne André , Sarah Dépernet , Engel Lefaucheux

Model-based testing (MBT) derives test suites from a behavioural specification of the system under test. In practice, engineers favour simple models, such as labelled transition systems (LTSs). However, to deal with quiescence - the absence…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Laura Brandán Briones , Marcus Gerhold , Petra van den Bos , Mariëlle Stoelinga

In this paper, we introduce a restriction of Timed Automata (TA), called non-resetting test Timed Automata (nrtTA). An nrtTA does not allow to test and reset the same clock on the same transition. The model has the same expressive power of…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Marcello M. Bersani , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

We propose an extension of the zone-based algorithmics for analyzing timed automata to handle systems where timing uncertainty is considered as probabilistic rather than set-theoretic. We study duration probabilistic automata (DPA),…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-11-02 Oded Maler , Kim G. Larsen , Bruce H. Krogh

Symbolic data structures for model checking timed systems have been subject to a significant research, with Difference Bound Matrices (DBMs) still being the preferred data structure in several mature verification tools. In comparison,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-11-28 Kenneth Y. Jørgensen , Kim G. Larsen , Jiří Srba

Interrupt Timed Automata (ITA) form a subclass of stopwatch automata where reachability and some variants of timed model checking are decidable even in presence of parameters. They are well suited to model and analyze real-time operating…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-04-20 Béatrice Bérard , Serge Haddad , Claudine Picaronny , Mohab Safey El Din , Mathieu Sassolas

Timed automata have been introduced by Rajeev Alur and David Dill in the early 90's. In the last decades, timed automata have become the de facto model for the verification of real-time systems. Algorithms for timed automata are based on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Patricia Bouyer , Paul Gastin , Frédéric Herbreteau , Ocan Sankur , B. Srivathsan

This paper investigates the decidability of opacity in timed automata (TA), a property that has been proven to be undecidable in general. First, we address a theoretical gap in recent work by J. An et al. (FM 2024) by providing necessary…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-02 Weilin Deng , Daowen Qiu , Jingkai Yang

Deterministic timed automata are strictly less expressive than their non-deterministic counterparts, which are again less expressive than those with silent transitions. As a consequence, timed automata are in general non-determinizable.…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-08-17 Florian Lorber , Amnon Rosenmann , Dejan Nickovic , Bernhard Aichernig

We propose a new abstract formalism for probabilistic timed systems, Parametric Interval Probabilistic Timed Automata, based on an extension of Parametric Timed Automata and Interval Markov Chains. In this context, we consider the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Étienne André , Benoît Delahaye , Paulin Fournier

Timed Automata (TA) is de facto a standard modelling formalism to represent systems when the interest is the analysis of their behaviour as time progresses. This modelling formalism is mostly used for checking whether the behaviours of a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Claudio Menghi , Marcello Bersani , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

Timing information leakage occurs whenever an attacker successfully deduces confidential internal information by observing some timed information such as events with timestamps. Timed automata are an extension of finite-state automata with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Étienne André , Engel Lefaucheux , Didier Lime , Dylan Marinho , Jun Sun

We introduce the class of Interrupt Timed Automata (ITA), a subclass of hybrid automata well suited to the description of timed multi-task systems with interruptions in a single processor environment. While the reachability problem is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-03-30 Béatrice Bérard , Serge Haddad , Mathieu Sassolas