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Related papers: Decoding the Underlying Meaning of Multimodal Hate…

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Hate speech is a challenging issue plaguing the online social media. While better models for hate speech detection are continuously being developed, there is little research on the bias and interpretability aspects of hate speech. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Seid Muhie Yimam , Chris Biemann , Pawan Goyal , Animesh Mukherjee

Hate speech has grown significantly on social media, causing serious consequences for victims of all demographics. Despite much attention being paid to characterize and detect discriminatory speech, most work has focused on explicit or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Mai ElSherief , Caleb Ziems , David Muchlinski , Vaishnavi Anupindi , Jordyn Seybolt , Munmun De Choudhury , Diyi Yang

Warning: This paper contains memes that may be offensive to some readers. Multimodal Internet Memes are now a ubiquitous fixture in online discourse. One strand of meme-based research is the classification of memes according to various…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Muzhaffar Hazman , Susan McKeever , Josephine Griffith

Memes have emerged as a popular form of multimodal online communication, where their interpretation heavily depends on the specific context in which they appear. Current approaches predominantly focus on isolated meme analysis, either for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zhengyi Zhao , Shubo Zhang , Yuxi Zhang , Yanxi Zhao , Yifan Zhang , Zezhong Wang , Huimin Wang , Yutian Zhao , Bin Liang , Yefeng Zheng , Binyang Li , Kam-Fai Wong , Xian Wu

Internet memes have gained significant influence in communicating political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. While memes are often humorous, there has been a rise in the use of memes for trolling and cyberbullying. Although a wide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Prince Jha , Krishanu Maity , Raghav Jain , Apoorv Verma , Sriparna Saha , Pushpak Bhattacharyya

With growing role of social media in shaping public opinions and beliefs across the world, there has been an increased attention to identify and counter the problem of hate speech on social media. Hate speech on online spaces has serious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Prashanth Vijayaraghavan , Hugo Larochelle , Deb Roy

Memes are a powerful tool for communication over social media. Their affinity for evolving across politics, history, and sociocultural phenomena makes them an ideal communication vehicle. To comprehend the subtle message conveyed within a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Shivam Sharma , Ramaneswaran S , Udit Arora , Md. Shad Akhtar , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Internet memes have become powerful means to transmit political, psychological, and socio-cultural ideas. Although memes are typically humorous, recent days have witnessed an escalation of harmful memes used for trolling, cyberbullying, and…

Machine learning (ML)-based content moderation tools are essential to keep online spaces free from hateful communication. Yet, ML tools can only be as capable as the quality of the data they are trained on allows them. While there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Zehui Yu , Indira Sen , Dennis Assenmacher , Mattia Samory , Leon Fröhling , Christina Dahn , Debora Nozza , Claudia Wagner

Hateful memes have emerged as a significant concern on the Internet. Detecting hateful memes requires the system to jointly understand the visual and textual modalities. Our investigation reveals that the embedding space of existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Jingbiao Mei , Jinghong Chen , Weizhe Lin , Bill Byrne , Marcus Tomalin

Despite the extensive communication benefits offered by social media platforms, numerous challenges must be addressed to ensure user safety. One of the most significant risks faced by users on these platforms is targeted hate speech. Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sadar Jaf , Basel Barakat

Hateful meme detection is a new research area recently brought out that requires both visual, linguistic understanding of the meme and some background knowledge to performing well on the task. This technical report summarises the first…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Ron Zhu

The rapid evolution of social media has provided enhanced communication channels for individuals to create online content, enabling them to express their thoughts and opinions. Multimodal memes, often utilized for playful or humorous…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Minh-Hao Van , Xintao Wu

This research introduces a novel approach to textual and multimodal Hate Speech Detection (HSD), using Large Language Models (LLMs) as dynamic knowledge bases to generate background context and incorporate it into the input of HSD…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Joshua Wolfe Brook , Ilia Markov

The proliferation of online hate speech poses a significant threat to the harmony of the web. While explicit hate is easily recognized through overt slurs, implicit hate speech is often conveyed through sarcasm, irony, stereotypes, or coded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Chengshuai Zhao , Shu Wan , Paras Sheth , Karan Patwa , K. Selçuk Candan , Huan Liu

The automatic identification of harmful content online is of major concern for social media platforms, policymakers, and society. Researchers have studied textual, visual, and audio content, but typically in isolation. Yet, harmful content…

While significant progress has been made using machine learning algorithms to detect hate speech, important technical challenges still remain to be solved in order to bring their performance closer to human accuracy. We investigate several…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-25 Vlad Sandulescu

The spread of hate speech on social media space is currently a serious issue. The undemanding access to the enormous amount of information being generated on these platforms has led people to post and react with toxic content that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Abhishek Velankar , Hrushikesh Patil , Raviraj Joshi

Memes have become a distinctive and effective form of communication in the digital era, attracting online communities and cutting across cultural barriers. Even though memes are frequently linked with humor, they have an amazing capacity to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Kazi Toufique Elahi , Tasnuva Binte Rahman , Shakil Shahriar , Samir Sarker , Sajib Kumar Saha Joy , Faisal Muhammad Shah

The prevalence of multi-modal content on social media complicates automated moderation strategies. This calls for an enhancement in multi-modal classification and a deeper understanding of understated meanings in images and memes. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Rongxin Ouyang , Kokil Jaidka , Subhayan Mukerjee , Guangyu Cui