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Gradient descent can be surprisingly good at optimizing deep neural networks without overfitting and without explicit regularization. We find that the discrete steps of gradient descent implicitly regularize models by penalizing gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 David G. T. Barrett , Benoit Dherin

Finding the optimal hyperparameters of a model can be cast as a bilevel optimization problem, typically solved using zero-order techniques. In this work we study first-order methods when the inner optimization problem is convex but…

Gradient descent based optimization methods are the methods of choice to train deep neural networks in machine learning. Beyond the standard gradient descent method, also suitable modified variants of standard gradient descent involving…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-29 Steffen Dereich , Arnulf Jentzen , Adrian Riekert

Implicit bias induced by gradient-based algorithms is essential to the generalization of overparameterized models, yet its mechanisms can be subtle. This work leverages the Normalized Steepest Descent} (NSD) framework to investigate how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Shengping Xie , Zekun Wu , Quan Chen , Kaixu Tang

First-order methods for solving convex optimization problems have been at the forefront of mathematical optimization in the last 20 years. The rapid development of this important class of algorithms is motivated by the success stories…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-01-07 Pavel Dvurechensky , Mathias Staudigl , Shimrit Shtern

We study the implicit bias of optimization in robust empirical risk minimization (robust ERM) and its connection with robust generalization. In classification settings under adversarial perturbations with linear models, we study what type…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Nikolaos Tsilivis , Natalie Frank , Nathan Srebro , Julia Kempe

The optimization algorithms are crucial in training physics-informed neural networks (PINNs), as unsuitable methods may lead to poor solutions. Compared to the common gradient descent (GD) algorithm, implicit gradient descent (IGD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Xianliang Xu , Ting Du , Wang Kong , Bin Shan , Ye Li , Zhongyi Huang

We propose \textit{Meta-Regularization}, a novel approach for the adaptive choice of the learning rate in first-order gradient descent methods. Our approach modifies the objective function by adding a regularization term on the learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Guangzeng Xie , Hao Jin , Dachao Lin , Zhihua Zhang

This paper presents a novel approach to optimizing profit margins in non-life insurance markets through a gradient descent-based method, targeting three key objectives: 1) maximizing profit margins, 2) ensuring conversion rates, and 3)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Vincent Grari , Marcin Detyniecki

Recent advances in convex optimization have leveraged computer-assisted proofs to develop optimized first-order methods that improve over classical algorithms. However, each optimized method is specially tailored for a particular problem…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-01 Jinho Bok , Jason M. Altschuler

Relative smoothness - a notion introduced by Birnbaum et al. (2011) and rediscovered by Bauschke et al. (2016) and Lu et al. (2016) - generalizes the standard notion of smoothness typically used in the analysis of gradient type methods. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-25 Filip Hanzely , Peter Richtárik

This paper extends algorithms that remove the fixed point bias of decentralized gradient descent to solve the more general problem of distributed optimization over subspace constraints. Leveraging the integral quadratic constraint…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-31 Dennis J. Marquis , Dany Abou Jaoude , Mazen Farhood , Craig A. Woolsey

Although statistical learning theory provides a robust framework to understand supervised learning, many theoretical aspects of deep learning remain unclear, in particular how different architectures may lead to inductive bias when trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Cédric Gerbelot , Avetik Karagulyan , Stefani Karp , Kavya Ravichandran , Menachem Stern , Nathan Srebro

An influential line of recent work has focused on the generalization properties of unregularized gradient-based learning procedures applied to separable linear classification with exponentially-tailed loss functions. The ability of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Matan Schliserman , Tomer Koren

Gradient methods are widely used in optimization problems. In practice, while the smoothness parameter can be estimated utilizing techniques such as backtracking, estimating the strong convexity parameter remains a challenge; moreover, even…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-17 Xiaozhe Hu , Sara Pollock , Zhongqin Xue , Yunrong Zhu

Gradient regularization (GR) is a method that penalizes the gradient norm of the training loss during training. While some studies have reported that GR can improve generalization performance, little attention has been paid to it from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-06 Ryo Karakida , Tomoumi Takase , Tomohiro Hayase , Kazuki Osawa

Distributed gradient descent algorithms have come to the fore in modern machine learning, especially in parallelizing the handling of large datasets that are distributed across several workers. However, scant attention has been paid to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-06 Shuche Wang , Vincent Y. F. Tan

Learning-to-optimize is an emerging framework that leverages training data to speed up the solution of certain optimization problems. One such approach is based on the classical mirror descent algorithm, where the mirror map is modelled…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Hong Ye Tan , Subhadip Mukherjee , Junqi Tang , Andreas Hauptmann , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb

Recent work across many machine learning disciplines has highlighted that standard descent methods, even without explicit regularization, do not merely minimize the training error, but also exhibit an implicit bias. This bias is typically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Ziwei Ji , Miroslav Dudík , Robert E. Schapire , Matus Telgarsky

Recently, adversarial imitation learning has shown a scalable reward acquisition method for inverse reinforcement learning (IRL) problems. However, estimated reward signals often become uncertain and fail to train a reliable statistical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Dong-Sig Han , Hyunseo Kim , Hyundo Lee , Je-Hwan Ryu , Byoung-Tak Zhang