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Risk and Quality (R&Q) assurance in highly regulated industries requires constant navigation of complex regulatory frameworks, with employees handling numerous daily queries demanding accurate policy interpretation. Traditional methods…

Testing with quiz questions has proven to be an effective way to assess and improve the educational process. However, manually creating quizzes is tedious and time-consuming. To address this challenge, we present Leaf, a system for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Kristiyan Vachev , Momchil Hardalov , Georgi Karadzhov , Georgi Georgiev , Ivan Koychev , Preslav Nakov

We introduce a novel retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) framework tailored for multihop question answering. First, our system uses large language model (LLM) to decompose complex multihop questions into a sequence of single-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Seokgi Lee

This paper presents a simple and cost-effective method for synthesizing data to train question-answering systems. For training, fine-tuning GPT models is a common practice in resource-rich languages like English, however, it becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Kosuke Takahashi , Takahiro Omi , Kosuke Arima , Tatsuya Ishigaki

The recently developed retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) technology has enabled the efficient construction of domain-specific applications. However, it also has limitations, including the gap between vector similarity and the relevance…

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) significantly enhances the performance of large language models (LLMs) in downstream tasks by integrating external knowledge. To facilitate researchers in deploying RAG systems, various RAG toolkits have…

Skilled human interviewers can extract valuable information from experts. This raises a fundamental question: what makes some questions more effective than others? To address this, a quantitative evaluation of question-generation models is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Huaying Zhang , Atsushi Hashimoto , Tosho Hirasawa

Financial documents--such as 10-Ks, 10-Qs, and investor presentations--span hundreds of pages and combine diverse modalities, including dense narrative text, structured tables, and complex figures. Answering questions over such content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Chinmay Gondhalekar , Urjitkumar Patel , Fang-Chun Yeh

Question answering (QA) models often rely on large-scale training datasets, which necessitates the development of a data generation framework to reduce the cost of manual annotations. Although several recent studies have aimed to generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Seongyun Lee , Hyunjae Kim , Jaewoo Kang

We introduce a high-quality dataset that contains 3,397 samples comprising (i) multiple choice questions, (ii) answers (including distractors), and (iii) their source documents, from the educational domain. Each question is phrased in two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Amir Hadifar , Semere Kiros Bitew , Johannes Deleu , Chris Develder , Thomas Demeester

This research suggests an add-on to empower Google Forms to be an automatic machine for generating multiple-choice questions (MCQs) used in online assessments. In this paper, we elaborate an add-on design mainly comprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Pornpat Sirithumgul , Pimpaka Prasertsilp , Lorne Olfman

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) refer to the most common inquiries about specific content. They serve as content comprehension aids by simplifying topics and enhancing understanding through succinct presentation of information. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sahil Kale , Gautam Khaire , Jay Patankar

Question Answering (QA) is the task of automatically answering questions posed by humans in natural languages. There are different settings to answer a question, such as abstractive, extractive, boolean, and multiple-choice QA. As a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Zhichao Duan , Xiuxing Li , Zhengyan Zhang , Zhenyu Li , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Multiple-choice questions (MCQs) are commonly used in educational testing, as they offer an efficient means of evaluating learners' knowledge. However, generating high-quality MCQs, particularly in low-resource languages such as Persian,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mohammad Heydari Rad , Rezvan Afari , Saeedeh Momtazi

Ambiguous user queries in search engines result in the retrieval of documents that often span multiple topics. One potential solution is for the search engine to generate multiple refined queries, each of which relates to a subset of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Woon Sang Cho , Yizhe Zhang , Sudha Rao , Chris Brockett , Sungjin Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in general domains but often struggle with tasks requiring specialized knowledge. Conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques typically retrieve external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yucheng Shi , Tianze Yang , Canyu Chen , Quanzheng Li , Tianming Liu , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Grading exams is an important, labor-intensive, subjective, repetitive, and frequently challenging task. The feasibility of autograding textual responses has greatly increased thanks to the availability of large language models (LLMs) such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Bernd Schenk , Christina Niklaus

Evaluation of long-form, citation-backed reports has lately received significant attention due to the wide-scale adoption of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems. Core to many evaluation frameworks is the use of atomic facts, or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Bryan Li , William Walden , Yu Hou , Gabrielle Kaili-May Liu , Dawn Lawrie , Jame Mayfield , Eugene Yang , Chris Callison-Burch , Laura Dietz

Question answering (QA) models for reading comprehension have been demonstrated to exploit unintended dataset biases such as question-context lexical overlap. This hinders QA models from generalizing to under-represented samples such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Kazutoshi Shinoda , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

Educational question generation (EQG) is a crucial component of intelligent educational systems, significantly aiding self-assessment, active learning, and personalized education. While EQG systems have emerged, existing datasets typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Mengxia Yu , Bang Nguyen , Olivia Zino , Meng Jiang