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Text line detection is crucial for any application associated with Automatic Text Recognition or Keyword Spotting. Modern algorithms perform good on well-established datasets since they either comprise clean data or simple/homogeneous page…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Tobias Grüning , Roger Labahn , Markus Diem , Florian Kleber , Stefan Fiel

Item difficulty plays a crucial role in test performance, interpretability of scores, and equity for all test-takers, especially in large-scale assessments. Traditional approaches to item difficulty modeling rely on field testing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sydney Peters , Nan Zhang , Hong Jiao , Ming Li , Tianyi Zhou , Robert Lissitz

Tabular data in digital documents is widely used to express compact and important information for readers. However, it is challenging to parse tables from unstructured digital documents, such as PDFs and images, into machine-readable format…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Bin Xiao , Murat Simsek , Burak Kantarci , Ala Abu Alkheir

Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP) and saliency maps have been recently used to explain the predictions of Deep Learning models, specifically in the domain of text classification. Given different attribution-based explanations to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-12-04 Wenting Xiong , Iftitahu Ni'mah , Juan M. G. Huesca , Werner van Ipenburg , Jan Veldsink , Mykola Pechenizkiy

While machine-generated texts (MGTs) offer great convenience, they also pose risks such as disinformation and phishing, highlighting the need for reliable detection. Metric-based methods, which extract statistically distinguishable features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chenwang Wu , Yiu-ming Cheung , Shuhai Zhang , Bo Han , Defu Lian

Information retrieval (IR) and recommender systems (RS) have been employed for addressing search tasks executed during literature review and the overall scholarly communication lifecycle. Majority of the studies have concentrated on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-09-07 Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar , Schubert Foo , Natalie Pang

Understanding a Reinforcement Learning (RL) policy is crucial for ensuring that autonomous agents behave according to human expectations. This goal can be achieved using Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) techniques. Although textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ahmad Terra , Mohit Ahmed , Rafia Inam , Elena Fersman , Martin Törngren

Topic discovery in scientific literature provides valuable insights for researchers to identify emerging trends and explore new avenues for investigation, facilitating easier scientific information retrieval. Many machine learning methods,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Pengjiang Li , Zaitian Wang , Xinhao Zhang , Ran Zhang , Lu Jiang , Pengfei Wang , Yuanchun Zhou

The dynamic web has increased exponentially over the past few years with more than thousands of documents related to a subject available to the user now. Most of the web documents are unstructured and not in an organized manner and hence…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2014-06-24 R. K. Roul , O. R. Devanand , S. K. Sahay

Text classification is one of the most widely studied tasks in natural language processing. Motivated by the principle of compositionality, large multilayer neural network models have been employed for this task in an attempt to effectively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Devendra Singh Sachan , Manzil Zaheer , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

We address the task of hierarchical multi-label classification (HMC) of scientific documents at an industrial scale, where hundreds of thousands of documents must be classified across thousands of dynamic labels. The rapid growth of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Seyed Amin Tabatabaei , Sarah Fancher , Michael Parsons , Arian Askari

Recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and natural language processing (NLP) have enabled tools to support systematic literature reviews (SLRs), yet existing frameworks often produce outputs that are efficient but contextually…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-19 Wei Wei , Jin Zheng , Zining Wang

Objectives: An SLR is presented focusing on text mining based automation of SLR creation. The present review identifies the objectives of the automation studies and the aspects of those steps that were automated. In so doing, the various ML…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Girish Sundaram , Daniel Berleant

The uprising of deep learning methodology and practice in recent years has brought about a severe consequence of increasing carbon footprint due to the insatiable demand for computational resources and power. The field of text analytics…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Md Sakhawat Hossen , Md. Zashid Iqbal Borshon , A. S. M. Badrudduza

Deep neural networks have achieved significant improvements in information retrieval (IR). However, most existing models are computational costly and can not efficiently scale to long documents. This paper proposes a novel End-to-End neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-13 Chen Zheng , Yu Sun , Shengxian Wan , Dianhai Yu

In a standard classification framework a set of trustworthy learning data are employed to build a decision rule, with the final aim of classifying unlabelled units belonging to the test set. Therefore, unreliable labelled observations,…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-20 Andrea Cappozzo , Francesca Greselin , Thomas Brendan Murphy

Multi-label text classification (MLC) is a challenging task in settings of large label sets, where label support follows a Zipfian distribution. In this paper, we address this problem through retrieval augmentation, aiming to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Ilias Chalkidis , Yova Kementchedjhieva

This study presents an ensemble approach that addresses the challenges of identification and analysis of research articles in rapidly evolving fields, using the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a case study. Our approach included…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Lie Tang , Xianke Zhou , Min Lu

Searching, filtering and analysing scientific literature are time-consuming tasks when performing a systematic literature review. With the rise of artificial intelligence, some steps in the review process are progressively being automated.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 José de la Torre-López , Aurora Ramírez , José Raúl Romero

Authorship identification is a process in which the author of a text is identified. Most known literary texts can easily be attributed to a certain author because they are, for example, signed. Yet sometimes we find unfinished pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Rahul Radhakrishnan Iyer , Carolyn Penstein Rose