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Scorio.jl is a Julia package for evaluating and ranking systems from repeated responses to shared tasks. It provides a common tensor-based interface for direct score-based, pairwise, psychometric, voting, graph, and listwise methods, so the…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Mohsen Hariri , Michael Hinczewski , Vipin Chaudhary

Generative models form the backbone of modern machine learning, underpinning state-of-the-art systems in text, vision, and multimodal applications. While Maximum Likelihood Estimation has traditionally served as the dominant training…

The most common procedure to solve a linear bilevel problem in the PES community is, by far, to transform it into an equivalent single-level problem by replacing the lower level with its KKT optimality conditions. Then, the complementarity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-09-28 Salvador Pineda , Juan Miguel Morales

We describe a package realized in the Julia programming language which performs symbolic manipulations applied to nonlinear evolution equations, their flows, and commutators of such objects. This tool was employed to perform contrived…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-05-03 Winfried Auzinger , Harald Hofstaetter , Othmar Koch

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) excel in solving text-based mathematical problems, but they struggle with mathematical diagrams since they are primarily trained on natural scene images. For humans, visual aids generally enhance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Wenwen Zhuang , Xin Huang , Xiantao Zhang , Jin Zeng

We consider a bilevel optimization problem in which the ground set is partitioned between two decision makers, a leader and a follower, whose optimization problems are interleaved. We study the Bilevel Independent Set problem, and its…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Komal Muluk

Bilevel optimization refers to scenarios whereby the optimal solution of a lower-level energy function serves as input features to an upper-level objective of interest. These optimal features typically depend on tunable parameters of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Amber Yijia Zheng , Tong He , Yixuan Qiu , Minjie Wang , David Wipf

Handling uncertainty is critical for ensuring reliable decision-making in intelligent systems. Modern neural networks are known to be poorly calibrated, resulting in predicted confidence scores that are difficult to use. This article…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Gabriele Sanguin , Arjun Pakrashi , Marco Viola , Francesco Rinaldi

In this work, we propose derivative-free framework for bilevel optimization. We consider both the upper and lower-level problems with bound constraints on the variables, as well as general nonlinear constraints, assuming that first-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Edoardo Cesaroni , Giampaolo Liuzzi , Stefano Lucidi

Bilevel optimization has been widely used in decision-making process. However, there still lacks an efficient algorithm to determine an optimal solution of a bilevel optimization problem, especially for a large-size problem. To bridge the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-18 Xuan Liu , Zuyi Li

Bilevel optimization is an important formulation for many machine learning problems. Current bilevel optimization algorithms assume that the gradient of the upper-level function is Lipschitz. However, recent studies reveal that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jie Hao , Xiaochuan Gong , Mingrui Liu

This paper presents a review on methods for class-imbalanced learning with the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and its variants. We first explain the structure of SVM and its variants and discuss their inefficiency in learning with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Salim Rezvani , Farhad Pourpanah , Chee Peng Lim , Q. M. Jonathan Wu

A bilevel training scheme is used to introduce a novel class of regularizers, providing a unified approach to standard regularizers $TV$, $TGV^2$ and $NsTGV^2$. Optimal parameters and regularizers are identified, and the existence of a…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Elisa Davoli , Irene Fonseca , Pan Liu

This lecture will introduce the Support Vector algorithms for classification and regression. They are an application of the so called kernel trick, which allows the extension of a certain class of linear algorithms to the non linear case.…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2008-03-18 Anselm Vossen

This paper compares Julia reduction and hyperbolic reduction with the aim of finding equivalent binary forms with minimal coefficients. We demonstrate that hyperbolic reduction generally outperforms Julia reduction, particularly in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Ilias Kotsireas , Tony Shaska

We introduce QuiverTools, a new software package, available in both a SageMath and Julia version, to study quivers and their moduli spaces of representations. Its key features are the computation of general subdimension vectors, leading to…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-27 Pieter Belmans , Hans Franzen , Gianni Petrella

This paper reviews gradient-based techniques to solve bilevel optimization problems. Bilevel optimization is a general way to frame the learning of systems that are implicitly defined through a quantity that they minimize. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Nicolas Zucchet , João Sacramento

Recently, tool-augmented LLMs have gained increasing attention. Given an instruction, tool-augmented LLMs can interact with various external tools in multiple rounds and provide a final answer. However, previous LLMs were trained on overly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Qinzhuo Wu , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Bin Wang

Despite the general capabilities of pre-trained large language models (LLMs), they still need further adaptation to better serve practical applications. In this paper, we demonstrate the interchangeability of three popular and distinct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Deng Cai , Huayang Li , Tingchen Fu , Siheng Li , Weiwen Xu , Shuaiyi Li , Bowen Cao , Zhisong Zhang , Xinting Huang , Leyang Cui , Yan Wang , Lemao Liu , Taro Watanabe , Shuming Shi

Hyperparameters in machine learning (ML) have received a fair amount of attention, and hyperparameter tuning has come to be regarded as an important step in the ML pipeline. But just how useful is said tuning? While smaller-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Moshe Sipper