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Ranking responses for a given dialogue context is a popular benchmark in which the setup is to re-rank the ground-truth response over a limited set of $n$ responses, where $n$ is typically 10. The predominance of this setup in conversation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-25 Gustavo Penha , Claudia Hauff

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance in natural language processing but often generate factual errors when relying solely on parametric knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates these errors by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhifeng Wang , Jason Jingshi Li , Kaihao Zhang , Ramesh Sankaranarayana

The goal of recommender systems is to provide ordered item lists to users that best match their interests. As a critical task in the recommendation pipeline, re-ranking has received increasing attention in recent years. In contrast to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-24 Yi Li , Jieming Zhu , Weiwen Liu , Liangcai Su , Guohao Cai , Qi Zhang , Ruiming Tang , Xi Xiao , Xiuqiang He

In open-domain question answering, dense passage retrieval has become a new paradigm to retrieve relevant passages for finding answers. Typically, the dual-encoder architecture is adopted to learn dense representations of questions and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Yingqi Qu , Yuchen Ding , Jing Liu , Kai Liu , Ruiyang Ren , Wayne Xin Zhao , Daxiang Dong , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

CQA services are valuable sources of knowledge that can be used to find answers to users' information needs. In these services, question retrieval aims to help users with their information needs by finding similar questions to theirs.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yasin Ghafourian , Sajad Movahedi , Azadeh Shakery

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a prevalent approach to infuse a private knowledge base of documents with Large Language Models (LLM) to build Generative Q\&A (Question-Answering) systems. However, RAG accuracy becomes increasingly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Kunal Sawarkar , Abhilasha Mangal , Shivam Raj Solanki

Query expansion (QE) is a well-known technique used to enhance the effectiveness of information retrieval. QE reformulates the initial query by adding similar terms that help in retrieving more relevant results. Several approaches have been…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-21 Hiteshwar Kumar Azad , Akshay Deepak

Most conventional Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines rely on relevance-based retrieval, which often misaligns with utility -- that is, whether the retrieved passages actually improve the quality of the generated text specific to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Manish Chandra , Debasis Ganguly , Iadh Ounis

Retrieval augmentation has shown promising improvements in different tasks. However, whether such augmentation can assist a large language model based re-ranker remains unclear. We investigate how to augment T5-based re-rankers using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Kai Hui , Tao Chen , Zhen Qin , Honglei Zhuang , Fernando Diaz , Mike Bendersky , Don Metzler

In this paper a framework for Automatic Query Expansion (AQE) is proposed using distributed neural language model word2vec. Using semantic and contextual relation in a distributed and unsupervised framework, word2vec learns a low…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2016-06-27 Dwaipayan Roy , Debjyoti Paul , Mandar Mitra , Utpal Garain

Retrieval augmentation, which enhances downstream models by a knowledge retriever and an external corpus instead of by merely increasing the number of model parameters, has been successfully applied to many natural language processing (NLP)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-09-18 Chenyu Zhao , Yunjiang Jiang , Yiming Qiu , Han Zhang , Wen-Yun Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong capabilities in document re-ranking, a key component in modern Information Retrieval (IR) systems. However, existing LLM-based approaches face notable limitations, including ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Pinhuan Wang , Zhiqiu Xia , Chunhua Liao , Feiyi Wang , Hang Liu

Recently, neural models pretrained on a language modeling task, such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2017), OpenAI GPT (Radford et al., 2018), and BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), have achieved impressive results on various natural language processing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Rodrigo Nogueira , Kyunghyun Cho

Cross-lingual information retrieval (CLIR) ~\cite{shi2021cross, asai2021one, jiang2020cross} for example, can find relevant text in any language such as English(high resource) or Telugu (low resource) even when the query is posed in a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Navya Yarrabelly , Saloni Mittal , Ketan Todi , Kimihiro Hasegawa

Open domain conversational agents can answer a broad range of targeted queries. However, the sequential nature of interaction with these systems makes knowledge exploration a lengthy task which burdens the user with asking a chain of well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Christopher Richardson , Sudipta Kar , Anjishnu Kumar , Anand Ramachandran , Omar Zia Khan , Zeynab Raeesy , Abhinav Sethy

Modern retrieval pipelines increasingly rely on query reformulation and neural reranking to improve effectiveness, but this comes at a significant computational cost and introduces a fundamental tradeoff between recall and query drift.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-04 V Venktesh , Mandeep Rathee , Avishek Anand

Evaluating retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems traditionally relies on hand annotations for input queries, passages to retrieve, and responses to generate. We introduce ARES, an Automated RAG Evaluation System, for evaluating RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Jon Saad-Falcon , Omar Khattab , Christopher Potts , Matei Zaharia

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) is a common method for integrating external knowledge into pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance accuracy and relevancy in question answering (QA) tasks. However, prompt engineering and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Isaac Chung , Phat Vo , Arman C. Kizilkale , Aaron Reite

This study aims to improve the accuracy and quality of large-scale language models (LLMs) in answering questions by integrating Elasticsearch into the Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework. The experiment uses the Stanford Question…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Jiajing Chen , Runyuan Bao , Hongye Zheng , Zhen Qi , Jianjun Wei , Jiacheng Hu

This paper introduces Golden-Retriever, designed to efficiently navigate vast industrial knowledge bases, overcoming challenges in traditional LLM fine-tuning and RAG frameworks with domain-specific jargon and context interpretation.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Zhiyu An , Xianzhong Ding , Yen-Chun Fu , Cheng-Chung Chu , Yan Li , Wan Du