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Information retrieval systems such as open web search and recommendation systems are ubiquitous and significantly impact how people receive and consume online information. Previous research has shown the importance of fairness in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Fumian Chen , Hui Fang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has received much attention for Open-domain question-answering (ODQA) tasks as a means to compensate for the parametric knowledge of large language models (LLMs). While previous approaches focused on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Minsang Kim , Cheoneum Park , Seungjun Baek

We introduce and define the novel problem of multi-distribution information retrieval (IR) where given a query, systems need to retrieve passages from within multiple collections, each drawn from a different distribution. Some of these…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Soumya Chatterjee , Omar Khattab , Simran Arora

Query reformulations have long been a key mechanism to alleviate the vocabulary-mismatch problem in information retrieval, for example by expanding the queries with related query terms or by generating paraphrases of the queries. In this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-17 Xiao Wang , Craig Macdonald , Iadh Ounis

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit enhanced capabilities in language understanding and generation. By utilizing their embedded knowledge, LLMs are increasingly used as conversational recommender systems (CRS), achieving improved…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Zhenrui Yue , Honglei Zhuang , Zhen Qin , Zhankui He , Huimin Zeng , Julian McAuley , Dong Wang

Retrieval in Retrieval-Augmented Generation(RAG) must ensure that retrieved passages are not only individually relevant but also collectively form a comprehensive set. Existing approaches primarily rerank top-k passages based on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Dahyun Lee , Yongrae Jo , Haeju Park , Moontae Lee

Query expansion is a well known method to improve the performance of information retrieval systems. In this work we have tested different approaches to extract the candidate query terms from the top ranked documents returned by the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2008-12-18 José R. Pérez-Agüera , Lourdes Araujo

Effective long-term memory management is crucial for language models handling extended contexts. We introduce the Enhanced Ranked Memory Augmented Retrieval (ERMAR) framework, which dynamically ranks memory entries based on relevance.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Ghadir Alselwi , Hao Xue , Shoaib Jameel , Basem Suleiman , Flora D. Salim , Imran Razzak

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), by integrating non-parametric knowledge from external knowledge bases into models, has emerged as a promising approach to enhancing response accuracy while mitigating factual errors and hallucinations.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-12 Qitao Qin , Yucong Luo , Yihang Lu , Zhibo Chu , Xiaoman Liu , Xianwei Meng

Long-tail question answering presents significant challenges for large language models (LLMs) due to their limited ability to acquire and accurately recall less common knowledge. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have shown great…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Yiming Zhang , Siyue Zhang , Junbo Zhao , Chen Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in enhancing dense retrieval through query augmentation. However, most existing methods treat the LLM and the retriever as separate modules, overlooking the alignment…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Sijia Yao , Pengcheng Huang , Zhenghao Liu , Yu Gu , Yukun Yan , Shi Yu , Ge Yu

Reranking is a critical stage in contemporary information retrieval (IR) systems, improving the relevance of the user-presented final results by honing initial candidate sets. This paper is a thorough guide to examine the changing reranker…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Tejul Pandit , Sakshi Mahendru , Meet Raval , Dhvani Upadhyay

Query expansion is an effective approach for mitigating vocabulary mismatch between queries and documents in information retrieval. One recent line of research uses language models to generate query-related contexts for expansion. Along…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Linqing Liu , Minghan Li , Jimmy Lin , Sebastian Riedel , Pontus Stenetorp

Query expansion is a method for alleviating the vocabulary mismatch problem present in information retrieval tasks. Previous works have shown that terms selected for query expansion by traditional methods such as pseudo-relevance feedback…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-11-09 Ayyoob Imani , Amir Vakili , Ali Montazer , Azadeh Shakery

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) connects large language models (LLMs) to external knowledge, but single-round retrieval is often insufficient for complex multi-hop questions. To enhance search capabilities for complex tasks, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kun Chen , Qingchao Kong , Zhao Feifei , Wenji Mao

Dense retrieval systems increasingly need to handle complex queries. In many realistic settings, users express intent through long instructions or task-specific descriptions, while target documents remain relatively simple and static. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Seiji Maekawa , Moin Aminnaseri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Recently, dense passage retrieval has become a mainstream approach to finding relevant information in various natural language processing tasks. A number of studies have been devoted to improving the widely adopted dual-encoder…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Ruiyang Ren , Shangwen Lv , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , QiaoQiao She , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Ji-Rong Wen

Dense neural text retrieval has achieved promising results on open-domain Question Answering (QA), where latent representations of questions and passages are exploited for maximum inner product search in the retrieval process. However,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Ye Liu , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz , Caiming Xiong , Philip S. Yu

A popular recent approach to answering open-domain questions is to first search for question-related passages and then apply reading comprehension models to extract answers. Existing methods usually extract answers from single passages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Shuohang Wang , Mo Yu , Jing Jiang , Wei Zhang , Xiaoxiao Guo , Shiyu Chang , Zhiguo Wang , Tim Klinger , Gerald Tesauro , Murray Campbell

Information-seeking conversation systems are increasingly popular in real-world applications, especially for e-commerce companies. To retrieve appropriate responses for users, it is necessary to compute the matching degrees between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Haojie Pan , Cen Chen , Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Liu Yang , Feng Ji , Jun Huang