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External audits of AI systems are increasingly recognized as a key mechanism for AI governance. The effectiveness of an audit, however, depends on the degree of access granted to auditors. Recent audits of state-of-the-art AI systems have…

Following the AI Seoul Summit in 2024, twelve AI companies published frontier AI safety frameworks (Frameworks) outlining their approaches to managing catastrophic risks from advanced AI systems. Emerging legislation increasingly treats…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Lily Stelling , Malcolm Murray , Bruno Galizzi , Max Schaffelder , Siméon Campos , Henry Papadatos

Rising concern for the societal implications of artificial intelligence systems has inspired a wave of academic and journalistic literature in which deployed systems are audited for harm by investigators from outside the organizations…

The rapid advancement of AI systems has raised widespread concerns about potential harms of frontier AI systems and the need for responsible evaluation and oversight. In this position paper, we argue that frontier AI companies should report…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Dillon Bowen , Ann-Kathrin Dombrowski , Adam Gleave , Chris Cundy

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly intervening in our lives, raising widespread concern about its unintended and undeclared side effects. These developments have brought attention to the problem of AI auditing: the systematic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Sarah H. Cen , Rohan Alur

Rapidly advancing artificial intelligence (AI) systems introduce novel, uncertain, and potentially catastrophic risks. Managing these risks requires a mature risk-management infrastructure whose cornerstone is rigorous risk modeling. We…

In this report, we propose the implementation of national registries for frontier AI models as a foundational tool for AI governance. We explore the rationale, design, and implementation of such registries, drawing on comparisons with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Elliot McKernon , Gwyn Glasser , Deric Cheng , Gillian Hadfield

Audits are critical mechanisms for identifying the risks and limitations of deployed artificial intelligence (AI) systems. However, the effective execution of AI audits remains incredibly difficult, and practitioners often need to make use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Victor Ojewale , Ryan Steed , Briana Vecchione , Abeba Birhane , Inioluwa Deborah Raji

Purpose: The governance of artificial iintelligence (AI) systems requires a structured approach that connects high-level regulatory principles with practical implementation. Existing frameworks lack clarity on how regulations translate into…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J. Nene

Frontier AI companies increasingly rely on external evaluations to assess risks from dangerous capabilities before deployment. However, external evaluators often receive limited model access, limited information, and little time, which can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jacob Charnock , Alejandro Tlaie , Kyle O'Brien , Stephen Casper , Aidan Homewood

To counter fragmented, high-risk adoption of commercial AI tools, we built and ran an institutional AI platform in a six-month, 300-user pilot, showing that a university of applied sciences can offer advanced AI with fair access,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Ruud Huijts , Koen Suilen

With the increasing integration of frontier large language models (LLMs) into society and the economy, decisions related to their training, deployment, and use have far-reaching implications. These decisions should not be left solely in the…

Rapidly evolving AI exhibits increasingly strong autonomy and goal-directed capabilities, accompanied by derivative systemic risks that are more unpredictable, difficult to control, and potentially irreversible. However, current AI safety…

Safety cases - clear, assessable arguments for the safety of a system in a given context - are a widely-used technique across various industries for showing a decision-maker (e.g. boards, customers, third parties) that a system is safe. In…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Benjamin Hilton , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Tomek Korbak , Geoffrey Irving

Governments, industry, and other actors involved in governing AI technologies around the world agree that, while AI offers tremendous promise to benefit the world, appropriate guardrails are required to mitigate risks. Global institutions,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-09-18 A. Leone De Castris , C. Thomas

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

Frontier artificial intelligence (AI) systems pose increasing risks to society, making it essential for developers to provide assurances about their safety. One approach to offering such assurances is through a safety case: a structured,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Arthur Goemans , Marie Davidsen Buhl , Jonas Schuett , Tomek Korbak , Jessica Wang , Benjamin Hilton , Geoffrey Irving

The governance of frontier AI increasingly relies on controlling access to computational resources, yet the hardware-level mechanisms invoked by policy proposals remain largely unexamined from an engineering perspective. This paper bridges…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Samar Ansari

AI evaluations are an important component of the AI governance toolkit, underlying current approaches to safety cases for preventing catastrophic risks. Our paper examines what these evaluations can and cannot tell us. Evaluations can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Peter Barnett , Lisa Thiergart

This paper critically examines the evolving ethical and regulatory challenges posed by the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in cybersecurity. We trace the historical development of AI regulation, highlighting major milestones…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Vikram Kulothungan