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Contextual optimization enhances decision quality by leveraging side information to improve predictions of uncertain parameters. However, existing approaches face significant challenges when dealing with multimodal or mixtures of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-19 YoungChul Yoon , Grani A. Hanasusanto , Yijie Wang

Neural Combinatorial Optimization (NCO) has mostly focused on learning policies, typically neural networks, that operate on a single candidate solution at a time, either by constructing one from scratch or iteratively improving it. In…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Andoni Irazusta Garmendia , Josu Ceberio , Alexander Mendiburu

Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets) were developed to learn policies for efficiently sampling combinatorial candidates by interpreting their generative processes as trajectories in directed acyclic graphs. In the value-based training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Puhua Niu , Shili Wu , Xiaoning Qian

The rapid growth of graph data poses significant challenges in storage, transmission, and particularly the training of graph neural networks (GNNs). To address these challenges, graph condensation (GC) has emerged as an innovative solution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Xinyi Gao , Junliang Yu , Tong Chen , Guanhua Ye , Wentao Zhang , Hongzhi Yin

Clustering points in a vector space or nodes in a graph is a ubiquitous primitive in statistical data analysis, and it is commonly used for exploratory data analysis. In practice, it is often of interest to "refine" or "improve" a given…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-03 K. Fountoulakis , M. Liu , D. F. Gleich , M. W. Mahoney

We tackle the problem of sampling from intractable high-dimensional density functions, a fundamental task that often appears in machine learning and statistics. We extend recent sampling-based approaches that leverage controlled stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Dinghuai Zhang , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Cheng-Hao Liu , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

The rise of cost involved with drug discovery and current speed of which they are discover, underscore the need for more efficient structure-based drug design (SBDD) methods. We employ Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets), to effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Grayson Lee , Tony Shen , Martin Ester

Advancements in robotics have opened possibilities to automate tasks in various fields such as manufacturing, emergency response and healthcare. However, a significant challenge that prevents robots from operating in real-world environments…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Zahin Sufiyan , Shadan Golestan , Shotaro Miwa , Yoshihiro Mitsuka , Osmar Zaiane

Deep neural networks based on reinforcement learning (RL) for solving combinatorial optimization (CO) problems are developing rapidly and have shown a tendency to approach or even outperform traditional solvers. However, existing methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chaoyang Wang , Pengzhi Cheng , Jingze Li , Weiwei Sun

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are able to model complicated distributions p(y) with strong inter-dimensional correlations and high multimodality by transforming a simple base density p(z) through an invertible neural network under the change of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Christina Winkler , Daniel Worrall , Emiel Hoogeboom , Max Welling

Traffic flow forecasting is a critical spatio-temporal data mining task with wide-ranging applications in intelligent route planning and dynamic traffic management. Recent advancements in deep learning, particularly through Graph Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Weiyang Kong , Kaiqi Wu , Sen Zhang , Yubao Liu

Deep-learning-based surrogate models provide an efficient complement to numerical simulations for subsurface flow problems such as CO$_2$ geological storage. Accurately capturing the impact of faults on CO$_2$ plume migration remains a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-19 Xin Ju , François P. Hamon , Gege Wen , Rayan Kanfar , Mauricio Araya-Polo , Hamdi A. Tchelepi

Efficiently solving constrained optimization problems is crucial for numerous real-world applications, yet traditional solvers are often computationally prohibitive for real-time use. Machine learning-based approaches have emerged as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Hoang T. Nguyen , Priya L. Donti

A critical component of the current generation of language models is preference alignment, which aims to precisely control the model's behavior to meet human needs and values. The most notable among such methods is Reinforcement Learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Oh Joon Kwon , Daiki E. Matsunaga , Kee-Eung Kim

Most existing work in online stochastic combinatorial optimization assumes that inputs are drawn from independent distributions -- a strong assumption that often fails in practice. At the other extreme, arbitrary correlations are equivalent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zhimeng Gao , Evangelia Gergatsouli , Kalen Patton , Sahil Singla

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems are fundamentally important in numerous real-world applications across diverse industries, characterized by entailing enormous solution space and demanding time-sensitive response. Despite recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hang Zhao , Kexiong Yu , Yuhang Huang , Renjiao Yi , Chenyang Zhu , Kai Xu

Counterfactual explanations (CFs) provide human-interpretable insights into model's predictions by identifying minimal changes to input features that would alter the model's output. However, existing methods struggle to generate multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Oleksii Furman , Patryk Marszałek , Jan Masłowski , Piotr Gaiński , Maciej Zięba , Marek Śmieja

We introduce a new paradigm for generative modeling built on Continuous Normalizing Flows (CNFs), allowing us to train CNFs at unprecedented scale. Specifically, we present the notion of Flow Matching (FM), a simulation-free approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yaron Lipman , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Heli Ben-Hamu , Maximilian Nickel , Matt Le

Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs) are powerful for processing graph-structured data and have achieved state-of-the-art performance in several tasks such as node classification, link prediction, and graph classification. However, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Langzhang Liang , Cuiyun Gao , Shiyi Chen , Shishi Duan , Yu pan , Junjin Zheng , Lei Wang , Zenglin Xu

Simulating complex dynamics like fluids with traditional simulators is computationally challenging. Deep learning models have been proposed as an efficient alternative, extending or replacing parts of traditional simulators. We investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Jonathan Klimesch , Philipp Holl , Nils Thuerey