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We give a construction that provides infinitely many 2-connected, cubic, bipartite, and planar graphs G with 3k vertices and such that the number of disjoint copies of a 3-vertex path in G is less than k.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-12-28 Alexander Kelmans

The Johnson graph J(n,N) is defined as the graph whose vertices are the n-subsets of the set {1,2,...,N}, where two vertices are adjacent if they share exactly n - 1 elements. Unlike Johnson graphs, induced subgraphs of Johnson graphs (JIS…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-05-23 Ramin Naimi , Jeffrey Shaw

Planar locally finite graphs which are almost vertex transitive are discussed. If the graph is 3-connected and has at most one end then the group of automorphisms is a planar discontinuous group and its structure is well-known. A general…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2009-05-08 M. J. Dunwoody

It is well known that the spectrum and the Smith normal form of a matrix can be computed in polynomial time. Thus, it is interesting to explore how good are these parameters for distinguishing graphs. This is relevant since it is related to…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-28 Carlos A. Alfaro , Ralihe R. Villagrán , Octavio Zapata

Graphs are used in many disciplines to model the relationships that exist between objects in a complex discrete system. Researchers may wish to compare a network of interest to a "typical" graph from a family (or ensemble) of graphs which…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-08 Catherine Greenhill

The symmetries of a finite graph are described by its automorphism group; in the setting of Woronowicz's quantum groups, a notion of a quantum automorphism group has been defined by Banica capturing the quantum symmetries of the graph. In…

Quantum Algebra · Mathematics 2019-07-01 Christian Eder , Viktor Levandovskyy , Julien Schanz , Simon Schmidt , Andreas Steenpass , Moritz Weber

We provide a criterion to distinguish two graphs which are indistinguishable by $2$-dimensional Weisfeiler-Lehman algorithm for almost all graphs. Haemers conjectured that almost all graphs are identified by their spectrum. Our approach…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-21 Wei Wang , Da Zhao

According to a recent conjecture, isospectral objects have different nodal count sequences. We study generalized Laplacians on discrete graphs, and use them to construct the first non-trivial counter-examples to this conjecture. In…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2016-11-25 Idan Oren , Ram Band

We describe how the loop group maps corresponding to special submanifolds associated to integrable systems may be thought of as certain Grassmann submanifolds of infinite dimensional homogeneous spaces. In general, the associated families…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2008-04-14 David Brander

In comparison to graphs, combinatorial methods for the isomorphism problem of finite groups are less developed than algebraic ones. To be able to investigate the descriptive complexity of finite groups and the group isomorphism problem, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Jendrik Brachter , Pascal Schweitzer

In 2010, Butler introduced the unfolding operation on a bipartite graph to produce two bipartite graphs, which are cospectral for the adjacency and the normalized Laplacian matrices. In this article, we describe how the idea of unfolding a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-22 M. Rajesh Kannan , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hitesh Wankhede

The graph isomorphism problem is a main problem which has numerous applications in different fields. Thus, finding an efficient and easy to implement method to discriminate non-isomorphic graphs is valuable. In this paper, a new method is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-11-08 Ameneh Farhadian

We compute the elementary divisors of the adjacency and Laplacian matrices of the Grassmann graph on $2$-dimensional subspaces in a finite vector space. We also compute the corresponding invariants of the complementary graphs.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-30 Joshua E. Ducey , Peter Sin

For $\alpha \in [0,1]$, the $A_{\alpha}$-matrix of a graph $G$ is defined by $A_{\alpha}(G) = \alpha D(G) + (1- \alpha) A(G)$, where $A(G)$ and $D(G)$ denote the adjacency matrix and the diagonal degree matrix of $G$, respectively. In this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-01 Mainak Basunia , Pratima Panigrahi

We obtain the scaling limits of random graphs drawn uniformly in three families of intersection graphs: permutation graphs, circle graphs, and unit interval graphs. The two first families typically generate dense graphs, in these cases we…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-12 Frédérique Bassino , Mathilde Bouvel , Valentin Féray , Lucas Gerin , Adeline Pierrot

It is well known that a graph $G$ has a symmetric spectrum if and only if it is bipartite, a signed graph $\Gamma=(G,\sigma)$ has a symmetric spectrum if $G$ is bipartite. However, there exists a spectrally symmetric signed graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-02 Deqiong Li , Qiongxiang Huang

The Johnson graph $J(n,i)$ is defined to the graph whose vertex set is the set of all $i$-element subsets of $\{1,\ldots,n\}$, and two vertices are joined whenever the cardinality of their intersection is equal to $i-1$. In Ramras and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-12-17 Ashwin Ganesan

We propose a classification of polyhedra (planar, $3$-connected graphs) according to their type i.e., their set of quantities of common neighbours for each pair of distinct vertices. For every (finite) set of non-negative integers, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-05 Riccardo W. Maffucci

We introduce a broad class of equations that are described by a graph, which includes many well-studied systems. For these, we show that the number of solutions (or the dimension of the solution set) can be bounded by studying certain…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Eddie Nijholt , Davide Sclosa

Let $G$ be a finite group, and $S$ be a subset of $G\setminus\{1\}$ such that $S=S^{-1}$. Suppose that $Cay(G,S)$ is the Cayley graph on $G$ with respect to the set $S$ which is the graph whose vertex set is $G$ and two vertices $a,b\in G$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Alireza Abdollahi , Shahrooz Janbaz , Mojtaba Jazaeri
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