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Single-frame Infrared Small Target Detection (ISTD) aims to localize weak targets under heavy background clutter, yet dense pixel-wise annotations are expensive. Point supervision with online label evolution reduces annotation cost;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yuanhang Yao , Ping Qian , Zhu Liu , Long Ma , Weimin Wang

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has long been proved to be an effective technique to construct powerful models with limited labels. In the existing literature, consistency regularization-based methods, which force the perturbed samples to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Xihong Yang , Xiaochang Hu , Sihang Zhou , Xinwang Liu , En Zhu

We present a novel frequency-based Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) approach that significantly enhances its efficacy for pre-training. Prior work in this direction masks out pre-defined frequencies in the input image and employs a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Amin Karimi Monsefi , Mengxi Zhou , Nastaran Karimi Monsefi , Ser-Nam Lim , Wei-Lun Chao , Rajiv Ramnath

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has revolutionized representation learning, with Joint-Embedding Architectures (JEAs) emerging as an effective approach for capturing semantic features. Existing JEAs rely on implicit or explicit batch…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Konstantinos Almpanakis , Anna Kreshuk

Pretraining has become a standard technique in computer vision and natural language processing, which usually helps to improve performance substantially. Previously, the most dominant pretraining method is transfer learning (TL), which uses…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Xingyi Yang , Xuehai He , Yuxiao Liang , Yue Yang , Shanghang Zhang , Pengtao Xie

Neural networks have demonstrated exceptional performance in supervised learning, benefiting from abundant high-quality annotated data. However, obtaining such data in real-world scenarios is costly and labor-intensive. Semi-supervised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Shuai Zhao , Heyan Huang , Xinge Li , Xiaokang Chen , Rui Wang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has developed rapidly in recent years. However, most of the mainstream methods are computationally expensive and rely on two (or more) augmentations for each image to construct positive pairs. Moreover, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yun-Hao Cao , Jianxin Wu

Self-supervised learning (SSL) faces a fundamental conflict between semantic understanding and image reconstruction. High-level semantic SSL (e.g., DINO) relies on global tokens that are forced to be location-invariant for augmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Theodore Zhengde Zhao , Sid Kiblawi , Jianwei Yang , Naoto Usuyama , Reuben Tan , Noel C Codella , Tristan Naumann , Hoifung Poon , Mu Wei

Most semi-supervised learning (SSL) models entail complex structures and iterative training processes as well as face difficulties in interpreting their predictions to users. To address these issues, this paper proposes a new interpretable…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Farhad Pourpanah , Chee Peng Lim , Ali Etemad , Q. M. Jonathan Wu

This letter introduces a physics-informed self-supervised framework for sonar image despeckling that reformulates despeckling as residual consistency in the homomorphic log domain. By constraining the log-ratio residual to obey…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Swapna Pillai , Siddharth Singh Savner , Sujit Kumar Sahoo

Saliency modulation has significant potential for various applications. In our pursuit of implementing saliency modulation for optical see-through near-eye displays, we decided to introduce a blur effect to reduce the sharpness of specific…

Optics · Physics 2025-03-18 Shiva Sinaei , Daisuke Iwai , Kousuke Sato

Self-supervised learning (SSL) excels at finding general-purpose latent representations from complex data, yet lacks a unifying theoretical framework that explains the diverse existing methods and guides the design of new ones. We cast SSL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Fabian A Mikulasch , Friedemann Zenke

Self-supervised learning (SSL) is able to build latent representations that generalize well to unseen data. However, only a few SSL techniques exist for the online CL setting, where data arrives in small minibatches, the model must comply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Giacomo Cignoni , Andrea Cossu , Alexandra Gomez-Villa , Joost van de Weijer , Antonio Carta

Detecting small targets in infrared images poses significant challenges in defense applications due to the presence of complex backgrounds and the small size of the targets. Traditional object detection methods often struggle to balance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Alina Ciocarlan , Sylvie Le Hégarat-Mascle , Sidonie Lefebvre , Arnaud Woiselle

Contrastive learning has emerged as a powerful method in deep learning, excelling at learning effective representations through contrasting samples from different distributions. However, dimensional collapse, where embeddings converge into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Huanran Li , Manh Nguyen , Daniel Pimentel-Alarcón

For visual object recognition tasks, the illumination variations can cause distinct changes in object appearance and thus confuse the deep neural network based recognition models. Especially for some rare illumination conditions, collecting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Haipeng Zhang , Zhong Cao , Ziang Yan , Changshui Zhang

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising paradigm that presents supervisory signals to real-world problems, bypassing the extensive cost of manual labeling. Consequently, self-supervised anomaly detection (SSAD) has seen a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Jaemin Yoo , Lingxiao Zhao , Leman Akoglu

Color inconsistency is an inevitable challenge in computational pathology, which generally happens because of stain intensity variations or sections scanned by different scanners. It harms the pathological image analysis methods, especially…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-01 Bingchao Zhao , Jiatai Lin , Changhong Liang , Zongjian Yi , Xin Chen , Bingbing Li , Weihao Qiu , Danyi Li , Li Liang , Chu Han , Zaiyi Liu

Normalization methods are essential components in convolutional neural networks (CNNs). They either standardize or whiten data using statistics estimated in predefined sets of pixels. Unlike existing works that design normalization…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-13 Xingang Pan , Xiaohang Zhan , Jianping Shi , Xiaoou Tang , Ping Luo

Self-supervised learning (SSL) has great potential for molecular representation learning given the complexity of molecular graphs, the large amounts of unlabelled data available, the considerable cost of obtaining labels experimentally, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Yuankai Luo , Lei Shi , Veronika Thost