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It has become a popular paradigm to transfer the knowledge of large-scale pre-trained models to various downstream tasks via fine-tuning the entire model parameters. However, with the growth of model scale and the rising number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Anchun Gui , Jinqiang Ye , Han Xiao

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become indispensable in numerous real-world applications. However, fine-tuning these models at scale, especially in federated settings where data privacy and communication efficiency are critical, presents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yao Shu , Wenyang Hu , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Fei Richard Yu

Limited labeled data makes it hard to train models from scratch in medical domain, and an important paradigm is pre-training and then fine-tuning. Large pre-trained models contain rich representations, which can be adapted to downstream…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Along He , Kai Wang , Zhihong Wang , Tao Li , Huazhu Fu

Adapter Tuning, which freezes the pretrained language models (PLMs) and only fine-tunes a few extra modules, becomes an appealing efficient alternative to the full model fine-tuning. Although computationally efficient, the recent Adapters…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Shwai He , Liang Ding , Daize Dong , Miao Zhang , Dacheng Tao

The success of large language models (LLMs), like GPT-4 and ChatGPT, has led to the development of numerous cost-effective and accessible alternatives that are created by finetuning open-access LLMs with task-specific data (e.g.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zhiqiang Hu , Lei Wang , Yihuai Lan , Wanyu Xu , Ee-Peng Lim , Lidong Bing , Xing Xu , Soujanya Poria , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

With the surge in digital content in low-resource languages, there is an escalating demand for advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques tailored to these languages. BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Pranita Deshmukh , Nikita Kulkarni , Sanhita Kulkarni , Kareena Manghani , Raviraj Joshi

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) provides a practical way for users to customize Large Language Models (LLMs) with their private data in LLM service scenarios. However, the inherently sensitive nature of private data demands robust…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Yansong Li , Zhixing Tan , Paula Branco , Yang Liu

Large-scale pre-training of deep models, followed by fine-tuning them, has become the cornerstone of natural language processing (NLP). The prevalence of data coupled with computational resources has led to large models with a considerable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Rachel S. Y. Teo , Tan M. Nguyen

The power of foundation models (FMs) lies in their capacity to learn highly expressive representations that can be adapted to a broad spectrum of tasks. However, these pretrained models require additional training stages to become effective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jacob L. Block , Sundararajan Srinivasan , Liam Collins , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Efficient finetuning of pretrained language transformers is becoming increasingly prevalent for solving natural language processing tasks. While effective, it can still require a large number of tunable parameters. This can be a drawback…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Umang Gupta , Aram Galstyan , Greg Ver Steeg

As the cost of training ever larger language models has grown, so has the interest in reusing previously learnt knowledge. Transfer learning methods have shown how reusing non-task-specific knowledge can help in subsequent task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Mohammed Sabry , Anya Belz

Driven by the rapid growth of model parameters, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become essential for adapting large models to diverse downstream tasks under constrained computational resources. Within this paradigm, orthogonal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Fei Wu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min , Shiqiang Wang

In the realm of parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, while options like LoRA are available, there is a persistent demand in the industry for a PEFT approach that excels in both efficiency and performance within the context of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zequan Liu , Yi Zhao , Ming Tan , Wei Zhu , Aaron Xuxiang Tian

Transformer-based large-scale pre-trained models achieve great success. Fine-tuning is the standard practice for leveraging these models in downstream tasks. Among the fine-tuning methods, adapter-tuning provides a parameter-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Hyegang Son , Yonglak Son , Changhoon Kim , Young Geun Kim

Parameter-efficient tuning (PET) aims to transfer pre-trained foundation models to downstream tasks by learning a small number of parameters. Compared to traditional fine-tuning, which updates the entire model, PET significantly reduces…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Kwonyoung Kim , Jungin Park , Jin Kim , Hyeongjun Kwon , Kwanghoon Sohn

Federated Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (Fed-PEFT) enables lightweight adaptation of large pre-trained models in federated learning settings by updating only a small subset of parameters. However, Fed-PEFT methods typically assume a fixed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Feng Yu , Jia Hu , Geyong Min

Due to their substantial sizes, large language models (LLMs) are typically deployed within a single-backbone multi-tenant framework. In this setup, a single instance of an LLM backbone must cater to multiple users or tasks through the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Tianfang Xie , Tianjing Li , Wei Zhu , Wei Han , Yi Zhao

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow, the cost of full-parameter fine-tuning has made parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) the default strategy for downstream adaptation. Constraints from inference latency in scalable serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yichen Xu , Yuyang Liang , Shan Dai , Tianyang Hu , Tsz Nam Chan , Chenhao Ma

In this work, we propose a method that combines two popular research areas by injecting linguistic structures into pre-trained language models in the parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) setting. In our approach, parallel adapter modules…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Raymond Li , Gabriel Murray , Giuseppe Carenini

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning aims to achieve performance comparable to fine-tuning, using fewer trainable parameters. Several strategies (e.g., Adapters, prefix tuning, BitFit, and LoRA) have been proposed. However, their designs are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-06 Jiaao Chen , Aston Zhang , Xingjian Shi , Mu Li , Alex Smola , Diyi Yang
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