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Related papers: Neural (Tangent Kernel) Collapse

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A longstanding goal in the theory of deep learning is to characterize the conditions under which a given neural network architecture will be trainable, and if so, how well it might generalize to unseen data. In this work, we provide such a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-14 Lechao Xiao , Jeffrey Pennington , Samuel S. Schoenholz

Among many mysteries behind the success of deep networks lies the exceptional discriminative power of their learned representations as manifested by the intriguing Neural Collapse (NC) phenomenon, where simple feature structures emerge at…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Hancheng Min , Zhihui Zhu , René Vidal

At initialization, artificial neural networks (ANNs) are equivalent to Gaussian processes in the infinite-width limit, thus connecting them to kernel methods. We prove that the evolution of an ANN during training can also be described by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Arthur Jacot , Franck Gabriel , Clément Hongler

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has discovered connections between deep neural networks and kernel methods with insights of optimization and generalization. Motivated by this, recent works report that NTK can achieve better performances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Insu Han , Haim Avron , Neta Shoham , Chaewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin

Neural Collapse (NC) is a well-known phenomenon of deep neural networks in the terminal phase of training (TPT). It is characterized by the collapse of features and classifier into a symmetrical structure, known as simplex equiangular tight…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Peifeng Gao , Qianqian Xu , Yibo Yang , Peisong Wen , Huiyang Shao , Zhiyong Yang , Bernard Ghanem , Qingming Huang

This paper demonstrates that in classification problems, fully connected neural networks (FCNs) and residual neural networks (ResNets) cannot be approximated by kernel logistic regression based on the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Zixiong Yu , Songtao Tian , Guhan Chen

We present a unified theoretical framework connecting the first property of Deep Neural Collapse (DNC1) to the emergence of implicit low-rank bias in nonlinear networks trained with $L^2$ weight decay regularization. Our main contributions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Emanuele Zangrando , Piero Deidda , Simone Brugiapaglia , Nicola Guglielmi , Francesco Tudisco

The tremendous recent progress in analyzing the training dynamics of overparameterized neural networks has primarily focused on wide networks and therefore does not sufficiently address the role of depth in deep learning. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Jongmin Lee , Joo Young Choi , Ernest K. Ryu , Albert No

The adversarial vulnerability of neural nets, and subsequent techniques to create robust models have attracted significant attention; yet we still lack a full understanding of this phenomenon. Here, we study adversarial examples of trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Nikolaos Tsilivis , Julia Kempe

Recent works have partly attributed the generalization ability of over-parameterized neural networks to frequency bias -- networks trained with gradient descent on data drawn from a uniform distribution find a low frequency fit before high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-11 Ronen Basri , Meirav Galun , Amnon Geifman , David Jacobs , Yoni Kasten , Shira Kritchman

The training dynamics of deep neural networks often defy expectations, even as these models form the foundation of modern machine learning. Two prominent examples are grokking, where test performance improves abruptly long after the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Keitaro Sakamoto , Issei Sato

Recent years have witnessed the huge success of deep neural networks (DNNs) in various tasks of computer vision and text processing. Interestingly, these DNNs with massive number of parameters share similar structural properties on their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-26 Wanli Hong , Shuyang Ling

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is the wide-network limit of a kernel defined using neural networks at initialization, whose embedding is the gradient of the output of the network with respect to its parameters. We study the "after kernel",…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Philip M. Long

For certain infinitely-wide neural networks, the neural tangent kernel (NTK) theory fully characterizes generalization, but for the networks used in practice, the empirical NTK only provides a rough first-order approximation. Still, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Guillermo Ortiz-Jiménez , Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Pascal Frossard

A quantum neural network (QNN) is a parameterized mapping efficiently implementable on near-term Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computers. It can be used for supervised learning when combined with classical gradient-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-28 Xuchen You , Shouvanik Chakrabarti , Boyang Chen , Xiaodi Wu

In this article, we review the literature on statistical theories of neural networks from three perspectives: approximation, training dynamics and generative models. In the first part, results on excess risks for neural networks are…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-09-17 Namjoon Suh , Guang Cheng

Modern practice for training classification deepnets involves a Terminal Phase of Training (TPT), which begins at the epoch where training error first vanishes; During TPT, the training error stays effectively zero while training loss is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Vardan Papyan , X. Y. Han , David L. Donoho

A phenomenon known as ''Neural Collapse (NC)'' in deep classification tasks, in which the penultimate-layer features and the final classifiers exhibit an extremely simple geometric structure, has recently attracted considerable attention,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Chuang Ma , Tomoyuki Obuchi , Toshiyuki Tanaka

The performance of the data-dependent neural tangent kernel (NTK; Jacot et al. (2018)) associated with a trained deep neural network (DNN) often matches or exceeds that of the full network. This implies that DNN training via gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Johannes Schwab , Bryan Kelly , Semyon Malamud , Teng Andrea Xu

Modern deep learning models employ considerably more parameters than required to fit the training data. Whereas conventional statistical wisdom suggests such models should drastically overfit, in practice these models generalize remarkably…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-18 Ben Adlam , Jeffrey Pennington