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We study the size of a neural network needed to approximate the maximum function over $d$ inputs, in the most basic setting of approximating with respect to the $L_2$ norm, for continuous distributions, for a network that uses ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Itay Safran , Daniel Reichman , Paul Valiant

Approximation and learning of classifiers of large data sets by neural networks in terms of high-dimensional geometry and statistical learning theory are investigated. The influence of the VC dimension of sets of input-output functions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-18 Vera Kurkova , Marcello Sanguineti

Recent works have shown that gradient descent can find a global minimum for over-parameterized neural networks where the widths of all the hidden layers scale polynomially with $N$ ($N$ being the number of training samples). In this paper,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Quynh Nguyen , Marco Mondelli

We study the expressive power of deep ReLU neural networks for approximating functions in dilated shift-invariant spaces, which are widely used in signal processing, image processing, communications and so on. Approximation error bounds are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yunfei Yang , Zhen Li , Yang Wang

This paper studies the universal approximation property of deep neural networks for representing probability distributions. Given a target distribution $\pi$ and a source distribution $p_z$ both defined on $\mathbb{R}^d$, we prove under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Yulong Lu , Jianfeng Lu

Despite existing work on ensuring generalization of neural networks in terms of scale sensitive complexity measures, such as norms, margin and sharpness, these complexity measures do not offer an explanation of why neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Behnam Neyshabur , Zhiyuan Li , Srinadh Bhojanapalli , Yann LeCun , Nathan Srebro

The universal approximation property (UAP) of neural networks is fundamental for deep learning, and it is well known that wide neural networks are universal approximators of continuous functions within both the $L^p$ norm and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yongqiang Cai

In this study, we explore the impact of network topology on the approximation capabilities of artificial neural networks (ANNs), with a particular focus on complex topologies. We propose a novel methodology for constructing complex ANNs…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Tommaso Boccato , Matteo Ferrante , Andrea Duggento , Nicola Toschi

This survey provides an in-depth and explanatory review of the approximation properties of deep neural networks, with a focus on feed-forward and residual architectures. The primary objective is to examine how effectively neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Owen Davis , Mohammad Motamed

Deep neural networks are highly expressive machine learning models with the ability to interpolate arbitrary datasets. Deep nets are typically optimized via first-order methods and the optimization process crucially depends on the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-12 Talha Cihad Gulcu

This theoretical paper is devoted to developing a rigorous theory for demystifying the global convergence phenomenon in a challenging scenario: learning over-parameterized Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) nets for very high dimensional dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Peng He

In 2017, Hanin and Sellke showed that the class of arbitrarily deep, real-valued, feed-forward and ReLU-activated networks of width w forms a dense subset of the space of continuous functions on R^n, with respect to the topology of uniform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Joris Dommel , Sven A. Wegner

While classic studies proved that wide networks allow universal approximation, recent research and successes of deep learning demonstrate the power of deep networks. Based on a symmetric consideration, we investigate if the design of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-25 Feng-Lei Fan , Rongjie Lai , Ge Wang

This paper considers the following question: how well can depth-two ReLU networks with randomly initialized bottom-level weights represent smooth functions? We give near-matching upper- and lower-bounds for $L_2$-approximation in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Daniel Hsu , Clayton Sanford , Rocco A. Servedio , Emmanouil-Vasileios Vlatakis-Gkaragkounis

We study ReLU deep neural networks (DNNs) by investigating their connections with the hierarchical basis method in finite element methods. First, we show that the approximation schemes of ReLU DNNs for $x^2$ and $xy$ are composition…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-09 Juncai He , Lin Li , Jinchao Xu

We study regularized deep neural networks (DNNs) and introduce a convex analytic framework to characterize the structure of the hidden layers. We show that a set of optimal hidden layer weights for a norm regularized DNN training problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

We draw connections between simple neural networks and under-determined linear systems to comprehensively explore several interesting theoretical questions in the study of neural networks. First, we emphatically show that it is unsurprising…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2020-11-02 Austin R. Benson , Anil Damle , Alex Townsend

We explore the phase diagram of approximation rates for deep neural networks and prove several new theoretical results. In particular, we generalize the existing result on the existence of deep discontinuous phase in ReLU networks to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Dmitry Yarotsky , Anton Zhevnerchuk

In this paper, we have extended the well-established universal approximator theory to neural networks that use the unbounded ReLU activation function and a nonlinear softmax output layer. We have proved that a sufficiently large neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-12 Behnam Asadi , Hui Jiang

{\em Hypernetworks} are architectures that produce the weights of a task-specific {\em primary network}. A notable application of hypernetworks in the recent literature involves learning to output functional representations. In these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Etai Littwin , Tomer Galanti , Lior Wolf , Greg Yang