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Image memes have become a widespread tool used by people for interacting and exchanging ideas over social media, blogs, and open messengers. This work proposes to treat automatic image meme generation as a translation process, and further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Aadhavan Sadasivam , Kausic Gunasekar , Hasan Davulcu , Yezhou Yang

In the past few years, there has been a surge of interest in multi-modal problems, from image captioning to visual question answering and beyond. In this paper, we focus on hate speech detection in multi-modal memes wherein memes pose an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Abhishek Das , Japsimar Singh Wahi , Siyao Li

The analysis of the creation, mutation, and propagation of social media content on the Internet is an essential problem in computational social science, affecting areas ranging from marketing to political mobilization. A first step towards…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Abhimanyu Dubey , Esteban Moro , Manuel Cebrian , Iyad Rahwan

Amidst the rise of Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) and their widespread application in generating and interpreting complex content, the risk of propagating biased and harmful memes remains significant. Current safety measures often fail to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Xuanyu Su , Yansong Li , Diana Inkpen , Nathalie Japkowicz

This work proposes a new challenge set for multimodal classification, focusing on detecting hate speech in multimodal memes. It is constructed such that unimodal models struggle and only multimodal models can succeed: difficult examples…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Douwe Kiela , Hamed Firooz , Aravind Mohan , Vedanuj Goswami , Amanpreet Singh , Pratik Ringshia , Davide Testuggine

Joint embedding (JE) is a way to encode multi-modal data into a vector space where text remains as the grounding key and other modalities like image are to be anchored with such keys. Meme is typically an image with embedded text onto it.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-06 Nethra Gunti , Sathyanarayanan Ramamoorthy , Parth Patwa , Amitava Das

In the past few years, the meme has become a new way of communication on the Internet. As memes are the images with embedded text, it can quickly spread hate, offence and violence. Classifying memes are very challenging because of their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Eftekhar Hossain , Omar Sharif , Mohammed Moshiul Hoque

We present LemMED, a character-level encoder-decoder for contextual morphological analysis (combined lemmatization and tagging). LemMED extends and is named after two other attention-based models, namely Lematus, a contextual lemmatizer,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Aibek Makazhanov , Sharon Goldwater , Adam Lopez

The prevalence of multi-modal content on social media complicates automated moderation strategies. This calls for an enhancement in multi-modal classification and a deeper understanding of understated meanings in images and memes. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Rongxin Ouyang , Kokil Jaidka , Subhayan Mukerjee , Guangyu Cui

Social media is abundant in visual and textual information presented together or in isolation. Memes are the most popular form, belonging to the former class. In this paper, we present our approaches for the Memotion Analysis problem as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Vishal Keswani , Sakshi Singh , Suryansh Agarwal , Ashutosh Modi

Internet memes are powerful tools for communication, capable of spreading political, psychological, and sociocultural ideas. However, they can be harmful and can be used to disseminate hate toward targeted individuals or groups. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Felix Breiteneder , Mohammad Belal , Muhammad Saad Saeed , Shahed Masoudian , Usman Naseem , Kulshrestha Juhi , Markus Schedl , Shah Nawaz

Multimodal desire understanding, a task closely related to both emotion and sentiment that aims to infer human intentions from visual and textual cues, is an emerging yet underexplored task in affective computing with applications in social…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Wei Chen , Tongguan Wang , Feiyue Xue , Junkai Li , Hui Liu , Ying Sha

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world communication settings, yet their ability to resolve context-dependent ambiguity remains underexplored. In this work, we present EMODIS, a new benchmark for evaluating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jiacheng Huang , Ning Yu , Xiaoyin Yi

Memes have become an ubiquitous social media entity and the processing and analysis of suchmultimodal data is currently an active area of research. This paper presents our work on theMemotion Analysis shared task of SemEval 2020, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-04 Pradyumna Gupta , Himanshu Gupta , Aman Sinha

The proliferation of multimodal memes in the social media era demands that multimodal Large Language Models (mLLMs) effectively understand meme harmfulness. Existing benchmarks for assessing mLLMs on harmful meme understanding rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zixin Chen , Hongzhan Lin , Kaixin Li , Ziyang Luo , Zhen Ye , Guang Chen , Zhiyong Huang , Jing Ma

Memes have gained popularity as a means to share visual ideas through the Internet and social media by mixing text, images and videos, often for humorous purposes. Research enabling automated analysis of memes has gained attention in recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Xiaoyu Guo , Jing Ma , Arkaitz Zubiaga

This paper presents a robust solution to the Memotion 3.0 Shared Task. The goal of this task is to classify the emotion and the corresponding intensity expressed by memes, which are usually in the form of images with short captions on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Yu-Chien Tang , Kuang-Da Wang , Ting-Yun Ou , Wen-Chih Peng

The recently introduced hateful meme challenge demonstrates the difficulty of determining whether a meme is hateful or not. Specifically, both unimodal language models and multimodal vision-language models cannot reach the human level of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Efrat Blaier , Itzik Malkiel , Lior Wolf

In recent years , there has been an upsurge in a new form of entertainment medium called memes. These memes although seemingly innocuous have transcended onto the boundary of online harassment against women and created an unwanted bias…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-01 Harshvardhan Srivastava

News image captioning aims to produce journalistically informative descriptions by combining visual content with contextual cues from associated articles. Despite recent advances, existing methods struggle with three key challenges: (1)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Xiaoxing You , Qiang Huang , Lingyu Li , Chi Zhang , Xiaopeng Liu , Min Zhang , Jun Yu
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