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Large language models (LLMs) can suffer from hallucinations when generating text. These hallucinations impede various applications in society and industry by making LLMs untrustworthy. Current LLMs generate text in an autoregressive fashion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Lukas Aichberger , Kajetan Schweighofer , Mykyta Ielanskyi , Sepp Hochreiter

Large language models (LLMs) can be prone to hallucinations - generating unreliable outputs that are unfaithful to their inputs, external facts or internally inconsistent. In this work, we address several challenges for post-hoc…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Simon Valentin , Jinmiao Fu , Gianluca Detommaso , Shaoyuan Xu , Giovanni Zappella , Bryan Wang

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have been shown to efficiently integrate natural language with visual information to handle multi-modal tasks. However, MLLMs still face a fundamental limitation of hallucinations, where they tend…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Chaoya Jiang , Haiyang Xu , Mengfan Dong , Jiaxing Chen , Wei Ye , Ming Yan , Qinghao Ye , Ji Zhang , Fei Huang , Shikun Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities but still suffer from the issue of hallucinations. A significant type of this issue is the false premise hallucination, which we define as the phenomenon when LLMs generate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Hongbang Yuan , Pengfei Cao , Zhuoran Jin , Yubo Chen , Daojian Zeng , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

ChatGPT has become a global sensation. As ChatGPT and other Large Language Models (LLMs) emerge, concerns of misusing them in various ways increase, such as disseminating fake news, plagiarism, manipulating public opinion, cheating, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Alessandro Pegoraro , Kavita Kumari , Hossein Fereidooni , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi

Concerns regarding the propensity of Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce inaccurate outputs, also known as hallucinations, have escalated. Detecting them is vital for ensuring the reliability of applications relying on LLM-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ernesto Quevedo , Jorge Yero , Rachel Koerner , Pablo Rivas , Tomas Cerny

Hallucinations in large language models (LLMs) have recently become a significant problem. A recent effort in this direction is a shared task at Semeval 2024 Task 6, SHROOM, a Shared-task on Hallucinations and Related Observable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Rahul Mehta , Andrew Hoblitzell , Jack O'Keefe , Hyeju Jang , Vasudeva Varma

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) are an extension of Large Language Models (LLMs) that facilitate processing both image and text inputs, expanding AI capabilities. However, LVLMs struggle with object hallucinations due to their reliance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Avshalom Manevich , Reut Tsarfaty

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong mathematical reasoning capabilities but remain susceptible to hallucinations producing plausible yet incorrect statements especially in theorem proving, symbolic manipulation, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 MingShan Liu , Jialing Fang

Mitigating hallucinations of Large Vision Language Models,(LVLMs) is crucial to enhance their reliability for general-purpose assistants. This paper shows that such hallucinations of LVLMs can be significantly exacerbated by preceding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Dongmin Park , Zhaofang Qian , Guangxing Han , Ser-Nam Lim

A frequently observed problem with LLMs is their tendency to generate output that is nonsensical, illogical, or factually incorrect, often referred to broadly as hallucination. Building on the recently proposed HalluciGen task for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Evangelia Gogoulou , Shorouq Zahra , Liane Guillou , Luise Dürlich , Joakim Nivre

Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) offer transformative potential for high-stakes domains like finance and law, but their tendency to hallucinate, generating factually incorrect or unsupported content, poses a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Ahmad Pesaranghader , Erin Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as alternatives to traditional search engines given their capacity to generate text that resembles human language. However, this shift is concerning, as LLMs often generate hallucinations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Cléa Chataigner , Afaf Taïk , Golnoosh Farnadi

Large language models (LLMs) often fabricate a hallucinatory text. Several methods have been developed to detect such text by semantically comparing it with the multiple versions probabilistically regenerated. However, a significant issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Satoshi Munakata , Taku Fukui , Takao Mohri

While large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to generate coherent text, they suffer from the issue of hallucinations -- factually inaccurate statements. Among numerous approaches to tackle hallucinations, especially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Juraj Vladika , Ihsan Soydemir , Florian Matthes

Current large language models (LLMs) can exhibit near-human levels of performance on many natural language tasks, including open-domain question answering. Unfortunately, they also convincingly hallucinate incorrect answers, so that…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Siqing Huo , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke

With the launch of ChatGPT, large language models (LLMs) have attracted global attention. In the realm of article writing, LLMs have witnessed extensive utilization, giving rise to concerns related to intellectual property protection,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

The Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) enhances user interaction and enriches user experience by integrating visual modality on the basis of the Large Language Models (LLMs). It has demonstrated their powerful information processing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wei Lan , Wenyi Chen , Qingfeng Chen , Shirui Pan , Huiyu Zhou , Yi Pan

We develop a principled procedure for determining when a large language model (LLM) should abstain from responding (e.g., by saying "I don't know") in a general domain, instead of resorting to possibly "hallucinating" a non-sensical or…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used to generate plausible text on online platforms, without revealing the generation process. As users increasingly encounter such black-box outputs, detecting hallucinations has become a critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Joosung Lee , Cheonbok Park , Hwiyeol Jo , Jeonghoon Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo