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We study the stochastic contextual bandit with knapsacks (CBwK) problem, where each action, taken upon a context, not only leads to a random reward but also costs a random resource consumption in a vector form. The challenge is to maximize…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Yuxuan Han , Jialin Zeng , Yang Wang , Yang Xiang , Jiheng Zhang

We consider the linear contextual bandit problem with resource consumption, in addition to reward generation. In each round, the outcome of pulling an arm is a reward as well as a vector of resource consumptions. The expected values of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Shipra Agrawal , Nikhil R. Devanur

We consider contextual bandits with linear constraints (CBwLC), a variant of contextual bandits in which the algorithm consumes multiple resources subject to linear constraints on total consumption. This problem generalizes contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Aleksandrs Slivkins , Xingyu Zhou , Karthik Abinav Sankararaman , Dylan J. Foster

We consider Bandits with Knapsacks (henceforth, BwK), a general model for multi-armed bandits under supply/budget constraints. In particular, a bandit algorithm needs to solve a well-known knapsack problem: find an optimal packing of items…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Nicole Immorlica , Karthik Abinav Sankararaman , Robert Schapire , Aleksandrs Slivkins

We study budget-constrained contextual bandits with adversarial contexts, where each action yields a random reward and incurs a random cost. We adopt the standard realizability assumption: conditioned on the observed context, rewards and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Dhruv Sarkar , Abhishek Sinha

We investigate the contextual bandits with knapsack (CBwK) problem in a high-dimensional linear setting, where the feature dimension can be very large. Our goal is to harness sparsity to obtain sharper regret guarantees. To this end, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Wanteng Ma , Dong Xia , Jiashuo Jiang

Bandits with Knapsacks (BwK), the generalization of the Bandits problem under global budget constraints, has received a lot of attention in recent years. Previous work has focused on one of the two extremes: Stochastic BwK where the rewards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Giannis Fikioris , Éva Tardos

We consider contextual bandits with knapsacks, with an underlying structure between rewards generated and cost vectors suffered. We do so motivated by sales with commercial discounts. At each round, given the stochastic i.i.d.\ context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Zhen Li , Gilles Stoltz

In the bandits with knapsacks framework (BwK) the learner has $m$ resource-consumption (packing) constraints. We focus on the generalization of BwK in which the learner has a set of general long-term constraints. The goal of the learner is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Martino Bernasconi , Matteo Castiglioni , Andrea Celli

We unify two prominent lines of work on multi-armed bandits: bandits with knapsacks (BwK) and combinatorial semi-bandits. The former concerns limited "resources" consumed by the algorithm, e.g., limited supply in dynamic pricing. The latter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Karthik Abinav Sankararaman , Aleksandrs Slivkins

We consider a contextual version of multi-armed bandit problem with global knapsack constraints. In each round, the outcome of pulling an arm is a scalar reward and a resource consumption vector, both dependent on the context, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-12 Shipra Agrawal , Nikhil R. Devanur , Lihong Li

We study constrained contextual bandits (CCB) with adversarially chosen contexts, where each action yields a random reward and incurs a random cost. We adopt the standard realizability assumption: conditioned on the observed context,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dhruv Sarkar , Abhishek Sinha

This paper investigates the adversarial Bandits with Knapsack (BwK) online learning problem, where a player repeatedly chooses to perform an action, pays the corresponding cost, and receives a reward associated with the action. The player…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Anshuka Rangi , Massimo Franceschetti , Long Tran-Thanh

Bandits with Knapsacks (BwK) is a general model for multi-armed bandits under supply/budget constraints. While worst-case regret bounds for BwK are well-understood, we present three results that go beyond the worst-case perspective. First,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Karthik Abinav Sankararaman , Aleksandrs Slivkins

We consider bandits with anytime knapsacks (BwAK), a novel version of the BwK problem where there is an \textit{anytime} cost constraint instead of a total cost budget. This problem setting introduces additional complexities as it mandates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Eray Can Elumar , Cem Tekin , Osman Yagan

We consider Contextual Bandits with Concave Rewards (CBCR), a multi-objective bandit problem where the desired trade-off between the rewards is defined by a known concave objective function, and the reward vector depends on an observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Virginie Do , Elvis Dohmatob , Matteo Pirotta , Alessandro Lazaric , Nicolas Usunier

We study contextual bandits with ancillary constraints on resources, which are common in real-world applications such as choosing ads or dynamic pricing of items. We design the first algorithm for solving these problems that handles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-08-03 Ashwinkumar Badanidiyuru , John Langford , Aleksandrs Slivkins

We study contextual bandits in the presence of a stage-wise constraint when the constraint must be satisfied both with high probability and in expectation. We start with the linear case where both the reward function and the stage-wise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Aldo Pacchiano , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Peter Bartlett

In this work we consider adversarial contextual bandits with risk constraints. At each round, nature prepares a context, a cost for each arm, and additionally a risk for each arm. The learner leverages the context to pull an arm and then…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Wen Sun , Debadeepta Dey , Ashish Kapoor

In this work, we study clustered contextual bandits where rewards and resource consumption are the outcomes of cluster-specific linear models. The arms are divided in clusters, with the cluster memberships being unknown to an algorithm.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Yichuan Deng , Michalis Mamakos , Zhao Song
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