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We investigate the running vacuum model (RVM) in the framework of scalar field theory.This dynamical vacuum model provides an elegant global explanation of the cosmic history, namely the universe starts from a non-singular initial de Sitter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-18 Spyros Basilakos , Nick E. Mavromatos , Joan Sola

I review a (3+1)-dimensional, string-inspired cosmological model with gravitational anomalies (of Chern-Simons (CS) type) at early epochs, and a totally-antisymmetric torsion, dual to a massless axion-like field ("gravitational axion"),…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-12-29 Nick E. Mavromatos

In string theory, the traditional picture of a Universe that emerges from the inflation of a very small and highly curved space-time patch is a possibility, not a necessity: quite different initial conditions are possible, and not…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-01 M. Gasperini , G. Veneziano

We investigate the cosmological production of gravitational waves in a nonsingular flat cosmology powered by a "running vacuum" energy density described by $\rho_{\Lambda}\equiv\rho_{\Lambda}(H)$, a phenomenological expression potentially…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-15 D. A. Tamayo , J. A. S. Lima , M. E. S. Alves , J. C. N. de Araujo

Attempts to connect string theory with astrophysical observation are hampered by a jargon barrier, where an intimidating profusion of orientifolds, Kahler potentials, etc. dissuades cosmologists from attempting to work out the astrophysical…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Mark P. Hertzberg , Max Tegmark , Shamit Kachru , Jessie Shelton , Onur Ozcan

In this PhD thesis a wide variety of cosmological models beyond the $\Lambda$CDM are studied in detail. Great emphasis is put on the running vacuum models (RVM's), which can be motivated in the context of Quantum Field Theory in curved…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-06-01 Javier de Cruz Pérez

We study a special running vacuum model (RVM) with $\Lambda = 3 \alpha H^2+3\beta H_0^4 H^{-2}+\Lambda_0$, where $\alpha$, $\beta$ and $\Lambda_0$ are the model parameters and $H$ is the Hubble one. This RVM has non-analytic background…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-31 Chao-Qiang Geng , Chung-Chi Lee , Lu Yin

We compute the time variation of the fundamental constants (such as the ratio of the proton mass to the electron mass, the strong coupling constant, the fine structure constant and Newton's constant) within the context of the so-called…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-04-03 Harald Fritzsch , Joan Sola , Rafael C. Nunes

We present a minimal model for the Universe evolution fully extracted from effective String Theory. This model is by its construction close to the standard cosmological evolution, and it is driven selfconsistently by the evolution of the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 N. Sanchez

In a previous paper we proposed a new approach to the beginning of inflation -- a lingering universe. The universe begins in a lingering state with a nearly vanishing Hubble parameter. This calls into question the absolute age of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-01-09 Brandon Melcher , Arnab Pradhan , Scott Watson

These lectures present a brief review of inflationary cosmology, provide an overview of the theory of cosmological perturbations, and then focus on the conceptual problems of the current paradigm of early universe cosmology, thus motivating…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-30 Robert Brandenberger

I review a mechanism for a potential explanation of the dominance of matter over antimatter in the Universe (``our existence''), based on a (3+1)-dimensional string-inspired cosmological model, characterised by (uncancelled) gravitational…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-11 Nick E. Mavromatos

Local measurements of the Hubble parameter are increasingly in tension with the value inferred from a $\Lambda$CDM fit to the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. In this paper, we construct scenarios in which evolving scalar fields…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-13 Prateek Agrawal , Francis-Yan Cyr-Racine , David Pinner , Lisa Randall

High-scale string inflationary models are in well-known tension with low-energy supersymmetry. A promising solution involves models where the inflaton is the volume of the extra dimensions so that the gravitino mass relaxes from large…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-01-20 Michele Cicoli , Francesco Muia , Francisco Gil Pedro

In this study, we consider three dark energy models in which $\Lambda$ is not constant, but has a dynamic nature that depends on the Hubble parameter $H$ and/or its time derivative $\dot{H}$. We analyze the generalized running vacuum model,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-01-05 Christine R. Farrugia , Joseph Sultana , Jurgen Mifsud

Perhaps the deepest mystery of our accelerating Universe in expansion is the existence of a tiny and rigid cosmological constant, $\Lambda$. Its size is many orders of magnitude below the expected one in the standard model of particle…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-04-03 Joan Sola , Adria Gomez-Valent

The electromagnetic field correlators are evaluated around a cosmic string in background of $(D+1)$-dimensional dS spacetime assuming that the field is prepared in the Bunch-Davies vacuum state. The correlators are presented in the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-01 A. A. Saharian , V. F. Manukyan , N. A. Saharyan

The discrepancy between early-Universe inferences and direct measurements of the Hubble constant, known as the Hubble tension, recently became a pressing subject in high precision cosmology. As a result, a large variety of theoretical…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-09-09 Tal Adi , Ely D. Kovetz

There exists a growing body of observational evidence supporting a non-vanishing cosmological constant at the present epoch. We examine the possibility that such a term may arise directly from the potential energy which drove an…

Astrophysics · Physics 2014-10-13 Richard A. Frewin , James E. Lidsey

Current astronomical observations are successfully explained by the present cosmological paradigm based on the concordance model ($\Lambda_0$CDM + Inflation). However, such a scenario is composed of a heterogeneous mix of ingredients for…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-08-29 J. A. S Lima , Douglas Singleton