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This paper presents our process for developing a sample-efficient language model for a conversational Hinglish chatbot. Hinglish, a code-mixed language that combines Hindi and English, presents a unique computational challenge due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Sakshi Singh , Abhinav Prakash , Aakriti Shah , Chaitanya Sachdeva , Sanjana Dumpala

Recent advancements in technology have led to a boost in social media usage which has ultimately led to large amounts of user-generated data which also includes hateful and offensive speech. The language used in social media is often a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Geet Shingi , Vedangi Wagh

Natural language processing (NLP) techniques have become mainstream in the recent decade. Most of these advances are attributed to the processing of a single language. More recently, with the extensive growth of social media platforms focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Ramchandra Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Multilingual encoder-based language models are widely adopted for code-mixed analysis tasks, yet we know surprisingly little about how they represent code-mixed inputs internally - or whether those representations meaningfully connect to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Debajyoti Mazumder , Divyansh Pathak , Prashant Kodali , Jasabanta Patro

Sentiment Analysis and other semantic tasks are commonly used for social media textual analysis to gauge public opinion and make sense from the noise on social media. The language used on social media not only commonly diverges from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Anirudh Dahiya , Neeraj Battan , Manish Shrivastava , Dipti Mishra Sharma

In our increasingly interconnected digital world, social media platforms have emerged as powerful channels for the dissemination of hate speech and offensive content. This work delves into the domain of hate speech detection, placing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Ananya Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Pre-training large neural language models, such as BERT, has led to impressive gains on many natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Although this method has proven to be effective for many domains, it might not always provide desirable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Omkar Gokhale , Aditya Kane , Shantanu Patankar , Tanmay Chavan , Raviraj Joshi

Due to the sheer volume of online hate, the AI and NLP communities have started building models to detect such hateful content. Recently, multilingual hate is a major emerging challenge for automated detection where code-mixing or more than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Mithun Das , Punyajoy Saha , Binny Mathew , Animesh Mukherjee

Sentiment analysis is an important task in understanding social media content like customer reviews, Twitter and Facebook feeds etc. In multilingual communities around the world, a large amount of social media text is characterized by the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Akshat Gupta , Sargam Menghani , Sai Krishna Rallabandi , Alan W Black

The widespread online communication in a modern multilingual world has provided opportunities to blend more than one language (aka code-mixed language) in a single utterance. This has resulted a formidable challenge for the computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Kartik Kartik , Sanjana Soni , Anoop Kunchukuttan , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Md Shad Akhtar

Analysis of informative contents and sentiments of social users has been attempted quite intensively in the recent past. Most of the systems are usable only for monolingual data and fails or gives poor results when used on data with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-03-13 Soumil Mandal , Sainik Kumar Mahata , Dipankar Das

In multilingual societies like the Indian subcontinent, use of code-switched languages is much popular and convenient for the users. In this paper, we study offense and abuse detection in the code-switched pair of Hindi and English (i.e.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-25 Raghav Kapoor , Yaman Kumar , Kshitij Rajput , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru , Roger Zimmermann

Code-mixed machine translation has become an important task in multilingual communities and extending the task of machine translation to code mixed data has become a common task for these languages. In the shared tasks of WMT 2022, we try…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Akshat Gahoi , Jayant Duneja , Anshul Padhi , Shivam Mangale , Saransh Rajput , Tanvi Kamble , Dipti Misra Sharma , Vasudeva Varma

Accuracy of English-language Question Answering (QA) systems has improved significantly in recent years with the advent of Transformer-based models (e.g., BERT). These models are pre-trained in a self-supervised fashion with a large English…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-13 Gokul Karthik Kumar , Abhishek Singh Gehlot , Sahal Shaji Mullappilly , Karthik Nandakumar

Online social networks are ubiquitous and user-friendly. Nevertheless, it is vital to detect and moderate offensive content to maintain decency and empathy. However, mining social media texts is a complex task since users don't adhere to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Vitthal Bhandari , Poonam Goyal

Digital platforms have an ever-expanding user base, and act as a hub for communication, business, and connectivity. However, this has also allowed for the spread of hate speech and misogyny. Artificial intelligence models have emerged as an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Sargam Yadav , Abhishek Kaushik , Kevin Mc Daid

This paper reports an increment to the state-of-the-art in hate speech detection for English-Hindi code-mixed tweets. We compare three typical deep learning models using domain-specific embeddings. On experimenting with a benchmark dataset…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Satyajit Kamble , Aditya Joshi

In this paper, we introduce HateBERT, a re-trained BERT model for abusive language detection in English. The model was trained on RAL-E, a large-scale dataset of Reddit comments in English from communities banned for being offensive,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-05 Tommaso Caselli , Valerio Basile , Jelena Mitrović , Michael Granitzer

The conventional natural language processing approaches are not accustomed to the social media text due to colloquial discourse and non-homogeneous characteristics. Significantly, the language identification in a multilingual document is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-30 M Zeeshan Ansari , Tanvir Ahmad , M M Sufyan Beg , Asma Ikram

Social media has become a bedrock for people to voice their opinions worldwide. Due to the greater sense of freedom with the anonymity feature, it is possible to disregard social etiquette online and attack others without facing severe…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Arushi Sharma , Anubha Kabra , Minni Jain