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Missing data in supervised learning is well-studied, but the specific issue of missing labels during model evaluation has been overlooked. Ignoring samples with missing values, a common solution, can introduce bias, especially when data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Danial Dervovic , Michael Cashmore

The underlying assumption of many machine learning algorithms is that the training data and test data are drawn from the same distributions. However, the assumption is often violated in real world due to the sample selection bias between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Wei Du , Xintao Wu

Semi-Supervised Learning (SSL) is fundamentally a missing label problem, in which the label Missing Not At Random (MNAR) problem is more realistic and challenging, compared to the widely-adopted yet naive Missing Completely At Random…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Xinting Hu , Yulei Niu , Chunyan Miao , Xian-Sheng Hua , Hanwang Zhang

A common assumption in machine learning is that samples are independently and identically distributed (i.i.d). However, the contributions of different samples are not identical in training. Some samples are difficult to learn and some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-23 Ou Wu , Weiyao Zhu , Yingjun Deng , Haixiang Zhang , Qinghu Hou

Classification, the process of assigning a label (or class) to an observation given its features, is a common task in many applications. Nonetheless in most real-life applications, the labels can not be fully explained by the observed…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-07 Johan Barthélemy , Morgane Dumont , Timoteo Carletti

The robustness of classifiers has become a question of paramount importance in the past few years. Indeed, it has been shown that state-of-the-art deep learning architectures can easily be fooled with imperceptible changes to their inputs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-06-12 Théo Giraudon , Vincent Gripon , Matthias Löwe , Franck Vermet

The estimated accuracy of a classifier is a random quantity with variability. A common practice in supervised machine learning, is thus to test if the estimated accuracy is significantly better than chance level. This method of signal…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-28 Jonathan D. Rosenblatt , Yuval Benjamini , Roee Gilron , Roy Mukamel , Jelle J. Goeman

Model-based unsupervised learning, as any learning task, stalls as soon as missing data occurs. This is even more true when the missing data are informative, or said missing not at random (MNAR). In this paper, we propose model-based…

Missing data can lead to inefficiencies and biases in analyses, in particular when data are missing not at random (MNAR). It is thus vital to understand and correctly identify the missing data mechanism. Recovering missing values through a…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-08 Jack Noonan , Adetola Adedamola Adediran , Robin Mitra , Stefanie Biedermann

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) tackles the label missing problem by enabling the effective usage of unlabeled data. While existing SSL methods focus on the traditional setting, a practical and challenging scenario called label Missing Not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Yue Duan , Zhen Zhao , Lei Qi , Luping Zhou , Lei Wang , Yinghuan Shi

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have been shown to be susceptible to memorization or overfitting in the presence of noisily-labelled data. For the problem of robust learning under such noisy data, several algorithms have been proposed. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Deep Patel , P. S. Sastry

The problem of nonparametric functional data classification and bandwidth selection is considered when the response variable, also called the class label, might be missing but not at random (MNAR). This setup is broadly acknowledged to be…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-12 Majid Mojirsheibani

Learning with noisy labels aims to ensure model generalization given a label-corrupted training set. The sample selection strategy achieves promising performance by selecting a label-reliable subset for model training. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Qi Wei , Lei Feng , Haobo Wang , Bo An

Learning from a few examples is an important practical aspect of training classifiers. Various works have examined this aspect quite well. However, all existing approaches assume that the few examples provided are always correctly labeled.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Pratik Mazumder , Pravendra Singh , Vinay P. Namboodiri

A learned generative model often produces biased statistics relative to the underlying data distribution. A standard technique to correct this bias is importance sampling, where samples from the model are weighted by the likelihood ratio…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-11-05 Aditya Grover , Jiaming Song , Alekh Agarwal , Kenneth Tran , Ashish Kapoor , Eric Horvitz , Stefano Ermon

This paper presents a theoretical analysis of sample selection bias correction. The sample bias correction technique commonly used in machine learning consists of reweighting the cost of an error on each training point of a biased sample to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2008-12-18 Corinna Cortes , Mehryar Mohri , Michael Riley , Afshin Rostamizadeh

Mixup is a highly successful technique to improve generalization of neural networks by augmenting the training data with combinations of random pairs. Selective mixup is a family of methods that apply mixup to specific pairs, e.g. only…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Damien Teney , Jindong Wang , Ehsan Abbasnejad

Deep neural classifiers have recently found tremendous success in data-driven control systems. However, existing models suffer from a trade-off between accuracy and adversarial robustness. This limitation must be overcome in the control of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Yatong Bai , Brendon G. Anderson , Somayeh Sojoudi

The study of model bias and variance with respect to decision boundaries is critically important in supervised classification. There is generally a tradeoff between the two, as fine-tuning of the decision boundary of a classification model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Matthew Almeida , Wei Ding , Scott Crouter , Ping Chen

In learning with noisy labels, the sample selection approach is very popular, which regards small-loss data as correctly labeled during training. However, losses are generated on-the-fly based on the model being trained with noisy labels,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Xiaobo Xia , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , Mingming Gong , Jun Yu , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama
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