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We prove the tightness of a natural approximation scheme for an analog of the Liouville quantum gravity metric on $\mathbb R^d$ for arbitrary $d\geq 2$. More precisely, let $\{h_n\}_{n\geq 1}$ be a suitable sequence of Gaussian random…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne , Zijie Zhuang

We show that for each $\gamma \in (0,2)$, there is a unique metric (i.e., distance function) associated with $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG). More precisely, we show that for the whole-plane Gaussian free field (GFF) $h$, there is…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-07-23 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

Given an instance $h$ of the Gaussian free field on a planar domain $D$ and a constant $\gamma \in (0,2)$, one can use various regularization procedures to make sense of the Liouville quantum gravity area measure $\mu := e^{\gamma h(z)}…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-08 Nathanaël Berestycki , Scott Sheffield , Xin Sun

In Liouville quantum gravity (or $2d$-Gaussian multiplicative chaos) one seeks to define a measure $\mu^h = e^{\gamma h(z)} dz$ where $h$ is an instance of the Gaussian free field on a planar domain $D$. Since $h$ is a distribution, not a…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-03-28 Scott Sheffield , Menglu Wang

Let $h$ be the planar Gaussian free field and let $D_h$ be a supercritical Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric associated with $h$. Such metrics arise as subsequential scaling limits of supercritical Liouville first passage percolation…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-09-06 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, $U\subset \mathbb C$, and an instance $h$ of the Gaussian free field (GFF) on $U$, the $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) surface associated with $(U,h)$ is formally described by the Riemannian metric tensor…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-09-14 Ewain Gwynne , Jason Miller

Let $\gamma\in (0,2)$, let $h$ be the planar Gaussian free field, and let $D_h$ be the associated $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric. We prove that for any random Borel set $X \subset \mathbb{C}$ which is independent from $h$,…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-01-01 Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer

For an arbitrary dimension $n$, we study: (a) the Polyharmonic Gaussian Field $h_L$ on the discrete torus $\mathbb{T}^n_L = \frac{1}{L} \mathbb{Z}^{n} / \mathbb{Z}^{n}$, that is the random field whose law on…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-12-17 Lorenzo Dello Schiavo , Ronan Herry , Eva Kopfer , Karl-Theodor Sturm

For large classes of even-dimensional Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$, we construct and analyze conformally invariant random fields. These centered Gaussian fields $h=h_g$, called co-polyharmonic Gaussian fields, are characterized by their…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Lorenzo Dello Schiavo , Ronan Herry , Eva Kopfer , Karl-Theodor Sturm

We establish the first connection between $2d$ Liouville quantum gravity and natural dynamics of random matrices. In particular, we show that if $(U_t)$ is a Brownian motion on the unitary group at equilibrium, then the measures $$…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-10 Paul Bourgade , Hugo Falconet

We prove that for each $\gamma \in (0,2)$, there is an exponent $d_\gamma > 2$, the "fractal dimension of $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG)", which describes the ball volume growth exponent for certain random planar maps in the…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne

For $\gamma \in (0,2)$, we define a weak $\gamma$-Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) metric to be a function $h\mapsto D_h$ which takes in an instance of the planar Gaussian free field (GFF) and outputs a metric on the plane satisfying a…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-03 Julien Dubédat , Hugo Falconet , Ewain Gwynne , Joshua Pfeffer , Xin Sun

Consider a bounded planar domain D, an instance h of the Gaussian free field on D (with Dirichlet energy normalized by 1/(2\pi)), and a constant 0 < gamma < 2. The Liouville quantum gravity measure on D is the weak limit as epsilon tends to…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-03 Bertrand Duplantier , Scott Sheffield

We show that every possible metric associated with critical ($\gamma=2$) Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) induces the same topology on the plane as the Euclidean metric. More precisely, we show that the optimal modulus of continuity of the…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-08-30 Jian Ding , Ewain Gwynne

There is a substantial literature concerning Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) in two dimensions with conformal matter field of central charge ${\mathbf{c}}_{\mathrm M}\in(-\infty,1]$. Via the DDK ansatz, LQG can equivalently be described as…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Ewain Gwynne , Nina Holden , Joshua Pfeffer , Guillaume Remy

We survey the properties of the log-correlated Gaussian field (LGF), which is a centered Gaussian random distribution (generalized function) $h$ on $\mathbb R^d$, defined up to a global additive constant. Its law is determined by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2014-07-22 Bertrand Duplantier , Rémi Rhodes , Scott Sheffield , Vincent Vargas

We present a (mathematically rigorous) probabilistic and geometrical proof of the KPZ relation between scaling exponents in a Euclidean planar domain D and in Liouville quantum gravity. It uses the properly regularized quantum area measure…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-06-16 Bertrand Duplantier , Scott Sheffield

Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) is, heuristically, a theory of random Riemannian geometry with Riemannian metric tensor $e^{\gamma h} (\mathrm{d} x^2 + \mathrm{d} y^2)$, where $h$ is a variant of the Gaussian free field and $\gamma > 0$ is…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Charles Devlin VI

Given a measure $\nu$ on a regular planar domain $D$, the Gaussian multiplicative chaos measure of $\nu$ studied in this paper is the random measure ${\widetilde \nu}$ obtained as the limit of the exponential of the $\gamma$-parameter…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-14 Kenneth Falconer , Xiong Jin

Physics considerations suggest that a theory of Liouville quantum gravity (LQG) should exist for all values of matter central charge $\mathbf{c} \in (-\infty,25)$. Probabilists have rigorously defined LQG as a random metric measure space…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-07-03 Joshua Pfeffer
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