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Related papers: Model evaluation for extreme risks

200 papers

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Frontier AI companies increasingly rely on external evaluations to assess risks from dangerous capabilities before deployment. However, external evaluators often receive limited model access, limited information, and little time, which can…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jacob Charnock , Alejandro Tlaie , Kyle O'Brien , Stephen Casper , Aidan Homewood

Reducing the number of failures in a production system is one of the most challenging problems in technology driven industries, such as, the online retail industry. To address this challenge, change management has emerged as a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-19 Binay Gupta , Anirban Chatterjee , Harika Matha , Kunal Banerjee , Lalitdutt Parsai , Vijay Agneeswaran

With the steady rise of the use of AI in bio-technical applications and the widespread adoption of genomics sequencing, an increasing amount of AI-based algorithms and tools is entering the research and production stage affecting critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Heorhii Skovorodnikov , Hoda Alkhzaimi

The rapid development of AI systems poses unprecedented risks, including loss of control, misuse, geopolitical instability, and concentration of power. To navigate these risks and avoid worst-case outcomes, governments may proactively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Peter Barnett , Aaron Scher , David Abecassis

The increasing availability of advanced computational modelling offers new opportunities to improve safety, efficacy, and emissions reductions. Application of complex models to support engineering decisions has been slow in comparison to…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-01 Domenic Di Francesco , Alan Forrest , Fiona McGarry , Nicholas Hall , Adam Sobey

In this paper we propose a framework for assessing the risk associated with deploying a machine learning model in a specified environment. For that we carry over the risk definition from decision theory to machine learning. We develop and…

As AI models scale to billions of parameters and operate with increasing autonomy, ensuring their safe, reliable operation demands engineering-grade security and assurance frameworks. This paper presents an enterprise-level, risk-aware,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Krti Tallam

There have been recent adversarial attacks that are difficult to find. These new adversarial attacks methods may pose challenges to current deep learning cyber defense systems and could influence the future defense of cyberattacks. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-25 John Harshith , Mantej Singh Gill , Madhan Jothimani

The incremental diffusion of machine learning algorithms in supporting cybersecurity is creating novel defensive opportunities but also new types of risks. Multiple researches have shown that machine learning methods are vulnerable to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Giovanni Apruzzese , Mauro Andreolini , Luca Ferretti , Mirco Marchetti , Michele Colajanni

With AI-based software becoming widely available, the risk of exploiting its capabilities, such as high automation and complex pattern recognition, could significantly increase. An AI used offensively to attack non-AI assets is referred to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Anket Mehra , Andreas Aßmuth , Malte Prieß

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one of the most transformative technologies of the 21st century. The extent and scope of future AI capabilities remain a key uncertainty, with widespread disagreement on timelines and potential impacts. As…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Kyle A. Kilian , Christopher J. Ventura , Mark M. Bailey

AI safety practitioners invest considerable resources in AI system evaluations, but these investments may be wasted if evaluations fail to realize their impact. This paper questions the core value proposition of evaluations: that they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Gabriel Mukobi

This paper explores the role and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms, specifically AI-based software elements, in autonomous driving systems. These AI systems are fundamental in executing real-time critical functions in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Mandar Pitale , Alireza Abbaspour , Devesh Upadhyay

A core challenge in the development of increasingly capable AI systems is to make them safe and reliable by ensuring their behaviour is consistent with human values. This challenge, known as the alignment problem, does not merely apply to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Raphaël Millière

Prominent AI experts have suggested that companies developing high-risk AI systems should be required to show that such systems are safe before they can be developed or deployed. The goal of this paper is to expand on this idea and explore…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Akash R. Wasil , Joshua Clymer , David Krueger , Emily Dardaman , Simeon Campos , Evan R. Murphy

Deep learning has transformed AI applications but faces critical security challenges, including adversarial attacks, data poisoning, model theft, and privacy leakage. This survey examines these vulnerabilities, detailing their mechanisms…

The literature and multiple experts point to many potential risks from large language models (LLMs), but there are still very few direct measurements of the actual harms posed. AI risk assessment has so far focused on measuring the models'…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Malcolm Murray , Henry Papadatos , Otter Quarks , Pierre-François Gimenez , Simeon Campos

Although AI systems are increasingly being leveraged to provide value to organizations, individuals, and society, significant attendant risks have been identified and have manifested. These risks have led to proposed regulations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 David Piorkowski , Michael Hind , John Richards

Our decision-making processes are becoming more data driven, based on data from multiple sources, of different types, processed by a variety of technologies. As technology becomes more relevant for decision processes, the more likely they…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-01 Tomasz Ostwald