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Domain generalization (DG) aims to learn predictive models that can generalize to unseen domains. Most existing DG approaches focus on learning domain-invariant representations under the assumption of conditional distribution shift (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jewon Yeom , Kyubyung Chae , Hyunggyu Lim , Yoonna Oh , Dongyoon Yang , Taesup Kim

Two prevalent types of distributional shifts in machine learning are the covariate shift (as observed across different domains) and the semantic shift (as seen across different classes). Traditional OOD detection techniques typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Haoliang Wang , Chen Zhao , Yunhui Guo , Kai Jiang , Feng Chen

Supervised learning aims to train a classifier under the assumption that training and test data are from the same distribution. To ease the above assumption, researchers have studied a more realistic setting: out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Zhen Fang , Yixuan Li , Feng Liu , Bo Han , Jie Lu

A large language model's (LLM's) out-of-distribution (OOD) generalisation ability is crucial to its deployment. Previous work assessing LLMs' generalisation performance, however, typically focuses on a single out-of-distribution dataset.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Matteo Boglioni , Andrea Sgobbi , Gabriel Tavernini , Francesco Rita , Marius Mosbach , Tiago Pimentel

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization deals with the prevalent learning scenario where test distribution shifts from training distribution. With rising application demands and inherent complexity, graph OOD problems call for specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiner Li , Shurui Gui , Youzhi Luo , Shuiwang Ji

Generalization capability to unseen domains is crucial for machine learning models when deploying to real-world conditions. We investigate the challenging problem of domain generalization, i.e., training a model on multi-domain source data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-31 Qi Dou , Daniel C. Castro , Konstantinos Kamnitsas , Ben Glocker

We study the problem of out-of-distribution (o.o.d.) generalization where spurious correlations of attributes vary across training and test domains. This is known as the problem of correlation shift and has posed concerns on the reliability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Yuhui Li , Zejia Wu , Chao Zhang , Hongyang Zhang

A popular assumption for out-of-distribution generalization is that the training data comprises sub-datasets, each drawn from a distinct distribution; the goal is then to "interpolate" these distributions and "extrapolate" beyond them --…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Elan Rosenfeld , Pradeep Ravikumar , Andrej Risteski

The objective of Domain Generalization (DG) is to devise algorithms and models capable of achieving high performance on previously unseen test distributions. In the pursuit of this objective, average measure has been employed as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Duhun Hwang , Suhyun Kang , Moonjung Eo , Jimyeong Kim , Wonjong Rhee

This paper uses information-theoretic tools to analyze the generalization error in unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA). We present novel upper bounds for two notions of generalization errors. The first notion measures the gap between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao

Generalization remains a central yet unresolved challenge in deep learning, particularly the ability to predict a model's performance beyond its training distribution using quantities available prior to test-time evaluation. Building on the…

Time series remains one of the most challenging modalities in machine learning research. The out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and generalization on time series tend to suffer due to its non-stationary property, i.e., the distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Wang Lu , Jindong Wang , Xinwei Sun , Yiqiang Chen , Xiangyang Ji , Qiang Yang , Xing Xie

Domain generalization (DG) aims to incorporate knowledge from multiple source domains into a single model that could generalize well on unseen target domains. This problem is ubiquitous in practice since the distributions of the target data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-26 Shoubo Hu , Kun Zhang , Zhitang Chen , Laiwan Chan

Domain generalization is a technique aimed at enabling models to maintain high accuracy when applied to new environments or datasets (unseen domains) that differ from the datasets used in training. Generally, the accuracy of models trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Reiji Saito , Kazuhiro Hotta

Modern deep neural networks suffer from performance degradation when evaluated on testing data under different distributions from training data. Domain generalization aims at tackling this problem by learning transferable knowledge from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Qinwei Xu , Ruipeng Zhang , Ya Zhang , Yanfeng Wang , Qi Tian

Out-of-Distribution (OOD) generalization, a cornerstone for building robust machine learning models capable of handling data diverging from the training set's distribution, is an ongoing challenge in deep learning. While significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Sergey Kolesnikov

Deep neural networks have attained remarkable performance when applied to data that comes from the same distribution as that of the training set, but can significantly degrade otherwise. Therefore, detecting whether an example is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Yen-Chang Hsu , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin , Zsolt Kira

Systematic, compositional generalization beyond the training distribution remains a core challenge in machine learning -- and a critical bottleneck for the emergent reasoning abilities of modern language models. This work investigates…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Awni Altabaa , Siyu Chen , John Lafferty , Zhuoran Yang

Data-driven machine learning (ML) is promoted as one potential technology to be used in next-generations wireless systems. This led to a large body of research work that applies ML techniques to solve problems in different layers of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-15 Mohamed Akrout , Amal Feriani , Faouzi Bellili , Amine Mezghani , Ekram Hossain

Generalization to out-of-distribution (OOD) data is one of the central problems in modern machine learning. Recently, there is a surge of attempts to propose algorithms that mainly build upon the idea of extracting invariant features.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Haotian Ye , Chuanlong Xie , Tianle Cai , Ruichen Li , Zhenguo Li , Liwei Wang