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Automated dialogue or conversational systems are anthropomorphised by developers and personified by users. While a degree of anthropomorphism may be inevitable due to the choice of medium, conscious and unconscious design choices can guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Gavin Abercrombie , Amanda Cercas Curry , Tanvi Dinkar , Verena Rieser , Zeerak Talat

Persona can function as the prior knowledge for maintaining the consistency of dialogue systems. Most of previous studies adopted the self persona in dialogue whose response was about to be selected from a set of candidates or directly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Jia-Chen Gu , Hui Liu , Zhen-Hua Ling , Quan Liu , Zhigang Chen , Xiaodan Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating empathic responses in text-based conversations. But, how reliably do they judge the nuances of empathic communication? We investigate this question by comparing how experts, crowdworkers, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Aakriti Kumar , Nalin Poungpeth , Diyi Yang , Erina Farrell , Bruce Lambert , Matthew Groh

Self-anthropomorphism in robots manifests itself through their display of human-like characteristics in dialogue, such as expressing preferences and emotions. Our study systematically analyzes self-anthropomorphic expression within various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Yu Li , Devamanyu Hazarika , Di Jin , Julia Hirschberg , Yang Liu

Empathy is often understood as the ability to share and understand another individual's state of mind or emotion. With the increasing use of chatbots in various domains, e.g., children seeking help with homework, individuals looking for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kristina Schaaff , Caroline Reinig , Tim Schlippe

Morality in dialogue systems has raised great attention in research recently. A moral dialogue system aligned with users' values could enhance conversation engagement and user connections. In this paper, we propose a framework, MoralDial to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Fei Mi , Yasheng Wang , Wei Liu , Jianwei Cui , Bin Wang , Qun Liu , Minlie Huang

User satisfaction is closely related to enterprises, as it not only directly reflects users' subjective evaluation of service quality or products, but also affects customer loyalty and long-term business revenue. Monitoring and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jing Bian , Haoxiang Su , Liting Jiang , Di Wu , Ruiyu Fang , Xiaomeng Huang , Yanbing Li , Shuangyong Song , Hao Huang

This study explores linguistic differences between human and LLM-generated dialogues, using 19.5K dialogues generated by ChatGPT-3.5 as a companion to the EmpathicDialogues dataset. The research employs Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Morgan Sandler , Hyesun Choung , Arun Ross , Prabu David

Objective: This study aims to develop and validate an evaluation framework to ensure the safety and reliability of mental health chatbots, which are increasingly popular due to their accessibility, human-like interactions, and context-aware…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in socially complex, interaction-driven tasks, yet their ability to mirror human behavior in emotionally and strategically complex contexts remains underexplored. This study assesses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Deuksin Kwon , Kaleen Shrestha , Bin Han , Elena Hayoung Lee , Gale Lucas

As chatbots are becoming increasingly popular, we often wonder what users perceive as natural and socially accepted manners of interacting with them. Some researchers maintain that humans should avoid engaging in emotional conversations…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Ekaterina Svikhnushina , Pearl Pu

Valuable decisions and highly prioritized analysis now depend on applications such as facial biometrics, social media photo tagging, and human robots interactions. However, the ability to successfully deploy such applications is based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Martha Teiko Teye , Yaw Marfo Missah , Emmanuel Ahene , Twum Frimpong , Auxane Boch

Emotions are the intrinsic or extrinsic representations of our experiences. The importance of emotions during a human-human interaction is immense as it formulates the basis of our interaction framework. There are several approaches in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Sarwar Hussain Paplu , Chinmaya Mishra , Karsten Berns

Conversational agents are exploding in popularity. However, much work remains in the area of non goal-oriented conversations, despite significant growth in research interest over recent years. To advance the state of the art in…

To provide consistent emotional interaction with users, dialog systems should be capable to automatically select appropriate emotions for responses like humans. However, most existing works focus on rendering specified emotions in responses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Wen Zhiyuan , Cao Jiannong , Yang Ruosong , Liu Shuaiqi , Shen Jiaxing

Generative Artificial Intelligence is set to revolutionize healthcare delivery by transforming traditional patient care into a more personalized, efficient, and proactive process. Chatbots, serving as interactive conversational models, will…

Heuristics and cognitive biases are an integral part of human decision-making. Automatically detecting a particular cognitive bias could enable intelligent tools to provide better decision-support. Detecting the presence of a cognitive bias…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Stephen Pilli

This paper investigates the empathetic responding capabilities of ChatGPT, particularly its latest iteration, GPT-4, in comparison to human-generated responses to a wide range of emotional scenarios, both positive and negative. We employ a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Anuradha Welivita , Pearl Pu

The fast growth of digital health systems has led to a need to better comprehend how they interpret and represent patient-reported symptoms. Chatbots have been used in healthcare to provide clinical support and enhance the user experience,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hamed Razavi

Human evaluation is becoming a necessity to test the performance of Chatbots. However, off-the-shelf settings suffer the severe reliability and replication issues partly because of the extremely high diversity of criteria. It is high time…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Hongru Liang , Huaqing Li