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People judge interactions with large language models (LLMs) as successful when outputs match what they want, not what they type. Yet LLMs are trained to predict the next token solely from text input, not underlying intent. Because written…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Nadav Kunievsky , James A. Evans

Dialog systems must be capable of incorporating new skills via updates over time in order to reflect new use cases or deployment scenarios. Similarly, developers of such ML-driven systems need to be able to add new training data to an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Stefan Larson , Kevin Leach

Modern task-oriented dialog systems need to reliably understand users' intents. Intent detection is most challenging when moving to new domains or new languages, since there is little annotated data. To address this challenge, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Li Zhang , Qing Lyu , Chris Callison-Burch

To handle ambiguous and open-ended requests, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly trained to interact with users to surface intents they have not yet expressed (e.g., ask clarification questions). However, users are often ambiguous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Tae Soo Kim , Yoonjoo Lee , Jaesang Yu , John Joon Young Chung , Juho Kim

End-to-end spoken language understanding (SLU) has recently attracted increasing interest. Compared to the conventional tandem-based approach that combines speech recognition and language understanding as separate modules, the new approach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Nihal Potdar , Anderson R. Avila , Chao Xing , Dong Wang , Yiran Cao , Xiao Chen

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, conversational bots have became prevalent in mainstream E-commerce platforms, which can provide convenient customer service timely. To satisfy the user, the conversational bots need to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Zhenyu Zhang , Tao Guo , Meng Chen

Intent detection is an essential component of task oriented dialogue systems. Over the years, extensive research has been conducted resulting in many state of the art models directed towards resolving user's intents in dialogue. A variety…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-10 Pratik Jayarao , Aman Srivastava

Discovering new intents is of great significance to establishing Bootstrapped Task-Oriented Dialogue System. Most existing methods either lack the ability to transfer prior knowledge in the known intent data or fall into the dilemma of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Yunhua Zhou , Peiju Liu , Yuxin Wang , Xipeng QIu

While interacting with chatbots, users may elicit multiple intents in a single dialogue utterance. Instead of training a dedicated multi-intent detection model, we propose DialogUSR, a dialogue utterance splitting and reformulation task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Haoran Meng , Zheng Xin , Tianyu Liu , Zizhen Wang , He Feng , Binghuai Lin , Xuemin Zhao , Yunbo Cao , Zhifang Sui

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems have been widely deployed in many industries as they deliver more efficient customer support. These systems are typically constructed for a single domain or language and do not generalise well beyond…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Nikita Moghe , Evgeniia Razumovskaia , Liane Guillou , Ivan Vulić , Anna Korhonen , Alexandra Birch

Current researches on spoken language understanding (SLU) heavily are limited to a simple setting: the plain text-based SLU that takes the user utterance as input and generates its corresponding semantic frames (e.g., intent and slots).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Xiao Xu , Libo Qin , Kaiji Chen , Guoxing Wu , Linlin Li , Wanxiang Che

Designing natural language interfaces has historically required collecting supervised data to translate user requests into carefully designed intent representations. This requires enumerating and labeling a long tail of user requests, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Harsh Jhamtani , Hao Fang , Patrick Xia , Eran Levy , Jacob Andreas , Ben Van Durme

Natural language understanding (NLU) is a task that enables machines to understand human language. Some tasks, such as stance detection and sentiment analysis, are closely related to individual subjective perspectives, thus termed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yunpeng Xiao , Youpeng Zhao , Kai Shu

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) is one of the core components of a task-oriented dialogue system, which aims to extract the semantic meaning of user queries (e.g., intents and slots). In this work, we introduce OpenSLU, an open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Libo Qin , Qiguang Chen , Xiao Xu , Yunlong Feng , Wanxiang Che

Novel intent class detection is an important problem in real world scenario for conversational agents for continuous interaction. Several research works have been done to detect novel intents in a mono-lingual (primarily English) texts and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Ankan Mullick

Improving the effectiveness of human-robot interaction requires social robots to accurately infer human goals through robust intention understanding. This challenge is particularly critical in multimodal settings, where agents must…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Hamed Rahimi , Clemence Grislain , Adrien Jacquet Cretides , Olivier Sigaud , Mohamed Chetouani

Learning intents and slot labels from user utterances is a fundamental step in all spoken language understanding (SLU) and dialog systems. State-of-the-art neural network based methods, after deployment, often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Avik Ray , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Task oriented language understanding in dialog systems is often modeled using intents (task of a query) and slots (parameters for that task). Intent detection and slot tagging are, in turn, modeled using sentence classification and word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Arash Einolghozati , Sonal Gupta , Mrinal Mohit , Rushin Shah

The recent success of natural language understanding (NLU) systems has been troubled by results highlighting the failure of these models to generalize in a systematic and robust way. In this work, we introduce a diagnostic benchmark suite,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Koustuv Sinha , Shagun Sodhani , Jin Dong , Joelle Pineau , William L. Hamilton

Existing conversational systems are mostly agent-centric, which assumes the user utterances would closely follow the system ontology (for NLU or dialogue state tracking). However, in real-world scenarios, it is highly desirable that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-10 Zhiyu Chen , Honglei Liu , Hu Xu , Seungwhan Moon , Hao Zhou , Bing Liu