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The dominant metaphor of LLMs-as-minds leads to misleading conceptions of machine agency and is limited in its ability to help both users and developers build the right degree of trust and understanding for outputs from LLMs. It makes it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Diana Robinson , Neil Lawrence

The revolution of artificial intelligence content generation has been rapidly accelerated with the booming text-to-image (T2I) diffusion models. Within just two years of development, it was unprecedentedly of high-quality, diversity, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Zeqiang Lai , Xizhou Zhu , Jifeng Dai , Yu Qiao , Wenhai Wang

Creating compelling captions for data visualizations has been a longstanding challenge. Visualization researchers are typically untrained in journalistic reporting and hence the captions that are placed below data visualizations tend to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Ashley Liew , Klaus Mueller

Understanding how large language models (LLMs) represent natural language is a central challenge in natural language processing (NLP) research. Many existing methods extract word embeddings from an LLM, visualise the embedding space via…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Thomas Fabian

Generating images from rhetorical languages remains a critical challenge for text-to-image models. Even state-of-the-art (SOTA) multimodal large language models (MLLM) fail to generate images based on the hidden meaning inherent in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Yuxi Zhang , Yueting Li , Xinyu Du , Sibo Wang

Multistep instructions, such as recipes and how-to guides, greatly benefit from visual aids, such as a series of images that accompany the instruction steps. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have become adept at generating coherent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-17 João Bordalo , Vasco Ramos , Rodrigo Valério , Diogo Glória-Silva , Yonatan Bitton , Michal Yarom , Idan Szpektor , Joao Magalhaes

Diffusion models (DMs) have become the new trend of generative models and have demonstrated a powerful ability of conditional synthesis. Among those, text-to-image diffusion models pre-trained on large-scale image-text pairs are highly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Wenliang Zhao , Yongming Rao , Zuyan Liu , Benlin Liu , Jie Zhou , Jiwen Lu

Recent advancements in text-to-image (T2I) generative models have shown remarkable capabilities in producing diverse and imaginative visuals based on text prompts. Despite the advancement, these diffusion models sometimes struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Xiaohui Chen , Yongfei Liu , Yingxiang Yang , Jianbo Yuan , Quanzeng You , Li-Ping Liu , Hongxia Yang

Metaphor is a pervasive feature of discourse and a powerful lens for examining cognition, emotion, and ideology. Large-scale analysis, however, has been constrained by the need for manual annotation due to the context-sensitive nature of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Matteo Fuoli , Weihang Huang , Jeannette Littlemore , Sarah Turner , Ellen Wilding

Visual communication, dating back to prehistoric cave paintings, is the use of visual elements to convey ideas and information. In today's visually saturated world, effective design demands an understanding of graphic design principles,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Yael Vinker

Metaphors are everywhere. They appear extensively across all domains of natural language, from the most sophisticated poetry to seemingly dry academic prose. A significant body of research in the cognitive science of language argues for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Rebecca M. M. Hicke , Ross Deans Kristensen-McLachlan

In the text-to-image generation field, recent remarkable progress in Stable Diffusion makes it possible to generate rich kinds of novel photorealistic images. However, current models still face misalignment issues (e.g., problematic spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Leigang Qu , Shengqiong Wu , Hao Fei , Liqiang Nie , Tat-Seng Chua

Visual storytelling is an emerging field that combines images and narratives to create engaging and contextually rich stories. Despite its potential, generating coherent and emotionally resonant visual stories remains challenging due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Xiaochuan Lin , Xiangyong Chen

Humans have an incredible ability to process and understand information from multiple sources such as images, video, text, and speech. Recent success of deep neural networks has enabled us to develop algorithms which give machines the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Dheeraj Peri , Shagan Sah , Raymond Ptucha

Fashionable image generation aims to synthesize images of diverse fashion prevalent around the globe, helping fashion designers in real-time visualization by giving them a basic customized structure of how a specific design preference would…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Krishna Sri Ipsit Mantri , Nevasini Sasikumar

Metaphor pervades everyday language, allowing speakers to express abstract concepts via concrete domains. While prior work has studied metaphors cognitively and psycholinguistically, large-scale comparisons with literal language remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Prisca Piccirilli , Alexander Fraser , Sabine Schulte im Walde

Creating written products is essential to modern life, including writings about one's identity and personal experiences. However, writing is often a difficult activity that requires extensive effort to frame the central ideas, the pursued…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Alex Doboli

We study the task of generating profitable Non-Fungible Token (NFT) images from user-input texts. Recent advances in diffusion models have shown great potential for image generation. However, existing works can fall short in generating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Huiguo He , Tianfu Wang , Huan Yang , Jianlong Fu , Nicholas Jing Yuan , Jian Yin , Hongyang Chao , Qi Zhang

Large-scale Text-to-image Generation Models (LTGMs) (e.g., DALL-E), self-supervised deep learning models trained on a huge dataset, have demonstrated the capacity for generating high-quality open-domain images from multi-modal input.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Hyung-Kwon Ko , Gwanmo Park , Hyeon Jeon , Jaemin Jo , Juho Kim , Jinwook Seo

We present Thinking with Generated Images, a novel paradigm that fundamentally transforms how large multimodal models (LMMs) engage with visual reasoning by enabling them to natively think across text and vision modalities through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ethan Chern , Zhulin Hu , Steffi Chern , Siqi Kou , Jiadi Su , Yan Ma , Zhijie Deng , Pengfei Liu