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Thousands of users consult digital archives daily, but the information they can access is unrepresentative of the diversity of documentary history. The sequence-to-sequence architecture typically used for optical character recognition (OCR)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Jacob Carlson , Tom Bryan , Melissa Dell

Visually similar characters, or homoglyphs, can be used to perform social engineering attacks or to evade spam and plagiarism detectors. It is thus important to understand the capabilities of an attacker to identify homoglyphs --…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Perry Deng , Cooper Linsky , Matthew Wright

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in modern text-rich visual understanding. However, their perceptual robustness in the face of the continuous morphological evolution of historical writing systems remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Gengluo Li , Shangpin Peng , Xingyu Wan , Chengquan Zhang , Hao Feng , Xin Xu , Pian Wu , Bang Li , Zengmao Ding , Yongge Liu , Yipei Ye , Yang Yang , Zhan Shu , Guojun Yan , Zhe Li , Can Ma , Weiping Wang , Yu Zhou , Han Hu

Academic documents are packed with texts, equations, tables, and figures, requiring comprehensive understanding for accurate Optical Character Recognition (OCR). While end-to-end OCR methods offer improved accuracy over layout-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Yu Sun , Dongzhan Zhou , Chen Lin , Conghui He , Wanli Ouyang , Han-Sen Zhong

Adaptations of features commonly applied in the field of visual computing, co-occurrence matrix (COM) and run-length matrix (RLM), are proposed for the similarity computation of strings in general (words, phrases, codes and texts). The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 E. O. Rodrigues , D. Casanova , M. Teixeira , V. Pegorini , F. Favarim , E. Clua , A. Conci , Panos Liatsis

Document alignment and registration play a crucial role in numerous real-world applications, such as automated form processing, anomaly detection, and workflow automation. Traditional methods for document alignment rely on image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ross Greer , Alisha Ukani , Katherine Izhikevich , Earlence Fernandes , Stefan Savage , Alex C. Snoeren

This study aims to publish a novel similarity metric to increase the speed of comparison operations. Also the new metric is suitable for distance-based operations among strings. Most of the simple calculation methods, such as string length…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-28 Sadi Evren Seker , Oguz Altun , Uğur Ayan , Cihan Mert

Good OCR results for historical printings rely on the availability of recognition models trained on diplomatic transcriptions as ground truth, which is both a scarce resource and time-consuming to generate. Instead of having to train a…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2016-10-21 U. Springmann , F. Fink , K. U. Schulz

Diacritics are orthographic marks that clarify pronunciation, distinguish similar words, or alter meaning. They play a central role in many writing systems, yet their impact on language technology has not been systematically quantified…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Adi Cohen , Yuval Pinter

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) of eighteenth-century printed texts remains challenging due to degraded print quality, archaic glyphs, and non-standardized orthography. Although transformer-based OCR systems and Vision-Language Models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ari Vesalainen , Eetu Mäkelä , Laura Ruotsalainen , Mikko Tolonen

Document comparison typically relies on optical character recognition (OCR) as its core technology. However, OCR requires the selection of appropriate language models for each document and the performance of multilingual or hybrid models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Doyoung Park , Naresh Reddy Yarram , Sunjin Kim , Minkyu Kim , Seongho Cho , Taehee Lee

Linked Data is used in various fields as a new way of structuring and connecting data. Cultural heritage institutions have been using linked data to improve archival descriptions and facilitate the discovery of information. Most archival…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Mariana Dias , Carla Teixeira Lopes

The success rates of Optical Character Recognition (OCR) systems for printed Malayalam documents is quite impressive with the state of the art accuracy levels in the range of 85-95% for various. However for real applications, further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2012-05-09 Sajilal Divakaran

We introduce a general detection-based approach to text line recognition, be it printed (OCR) or handwritten (HTR), with Latin, Chinese, or ciphered characters. Detection-based approaches have until now been largely discarded for HTR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Raphael Baena , Syrine Kalleli , Mathieu Aubry

Optical character recognition (OCR) is crucial for a deeper access to historical collections. OCR needs to account for orthographic variations, typefaces, or language evolution (i.e., new letters, word spellings), as the main source of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Lijun Lyu , Maria Koutraki , Martin Krickl , Besnik Fetahu

OCR (Optical Character Recognition) is a technology that offers comprehensive alphanumeric recognition of handwritten and printed characters at electronic speed by merely scanning the document. Recently, the understanding of visual data has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Atman Mishra , A. Sharath Ram , Kavyashree C

Scene text recognition (STR) and handwritten text recognition (HTR) face significant challenges in accurately transcribing textual content from images into machine-readable formats. Conventional OCR models often predict transcriptions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xu Yao , Lei Kang

The project comes with the technique of OCR (Optical Character Recognition) which includes various research sides of computer science. The project is to take a picture of a character and process it up to recognize the image of that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Arkaprabha Basu , M. Sathya

We present an end-to-end trainable approach for Optical Character Recognition (OCR) on printed documents. Specifically, we propose a model that predicts a) a two-dimensional character grid (\emph{chargrid}) representation of a document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-28 Christian Reisswig , Anoop R Katti , Marco Spinaci , Johannes Höhne

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their powerful content generation capabilities, have been successfully applied to data annotation processes. However, the VLM-generated labels exhibit dual limitations: low quality (i.e., label noise) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhongnian Li , Lan Chen , Yixin Xu , Shi Xu , Xinzheng Xu
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