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In this paper, we study how the intrinsic nature of pre-training data contributes to the fine-tuned downstream performance. To this end, we pre-train different transformer-based masked language models on several corpora with certain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Cheng-Han Chiang , Hung-yi Lee

Large-scale pretraining and task-specific fine-tuning is now the standard methodology for many tasks in computer vision and natural language processing. Recently, a multitude of methods have been proposed for pretraining vision and language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Emanuele Bugliarello , Ryan Cotterell , Naoaki Okazaki , Desmond Elliott

Modern natural language processing (NLP) methods employ self-supervised pretraining objectives such as masked language modeling to boost the performance of various application tasks. These pretraining methods are frequently extended with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Nils Rethmeier , Isabelle Augenstein

Most dense recognition approaches bring a separate decision in each particular pixel. These approaches deliver competitive performance in usual closed-set setups. However, important applications in the wild typically require strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Matej Grcić , Josip Šarić , Siniša Šegvić

The visual world offers a critical axis for advancing foundation models beyond language. Despite growing interest in this direction, the design space for native multimodal models remains opaque. We provide empirical clarity through…

Cold-start issues have been more and more challenging for providing accurate recommendations with the fast increase of users and items. Most existing approaches attempt to solve the intractable problems via content-aware recommendations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Yan Zhang , Changyu Li , Ivor W. Tsang , Hui Xu , Lixin Duan , Hongzhi Yin , Wen Li , Jie Shao

Continued pre-training of small language models offers a promising path for domain adaptation with limited computational resources. I've investigated this approach within educational domains, evaluating it as a resource-efficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Salman Faroz

Large-scale cross-lingual pre-trained language models (xPLMs) have shown effectiveness in cross-lingual sequence labeling tasks (xSL), such as cross-lingual machine reading comprehension (xMRC) by transferring knowledge from a high-resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-12 Nuo Chen , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Jian Pei , Daxin Jiang

There is growing interest in the automated extraction of relevant information from clinical dialogues. However, it is difficult to collect and construct large annotated resources for clinical dialogue tasks. Recent developments in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Zhengyuan Liu , Pavitra Krishnaswamy , Nancy F. Chen

Autoregressive language models, pretrained using large text corpora to do well on next word prediction, have been successful at solving many downstream tasks, even with zero-shot usage. However, there is little theoretical understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Nikunj Saunshi , Sadhika Malladi , Sanjeev Arora

Intelligent agents should have the ability to leverage knowledge from previously learned tasks in order to learn new ones quickly and efficiently. Meta-learning approaches have emerged as a popular solution to achieve this. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Zhao Mandi , Pieter Abbeel , Stephen James

Recovering the masked speech frames is widely applied in speech representation learning. However, most of these models use random masking in the pre-training. In this work, we proposed two kinds of masking approaches: (1) speech-level…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Xulong Zhang , Jianzong Wang , Ning Cheng , Kexin Zhu , Jing Xiao

We explore a framework for protein sequence representation learning that decomposes the task between manifold learning and distributional modelling. Specifically we present a Latent Space Diffusion architecture which combines a protein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Eoin Quinn , Ghassene Jebali , Maxime Seince , Oliver Bent

Self-supervised learning has drawn attention through its effectiveness in learning in-domain representations with no ground-truth annotations; in particular, it is shown that properly designed pretext tasks (e.g., contrastive prediction…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-17 Jonghwan Mun , Minchul Shin , Gunsoo Han , Sangho Lee , Seongsu Ha , Joonseok Lee , Eun-Sol Kim

The recent rapid progress in pre-training Large Language Models has relied on using self-supervised language modeling objectives like next token prediction or span corruption. On the other hand, Machine Translation Systems are mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Andrea Schioppa , Xavier Garcia , Orhan Firat

We present a masked diffusion language modeling framework for data-efficient training for the BabyLM 2025 Challenge. Our approach applies diffusion training objectives to language modeling under strict data constraints, incorporating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Despoina Kosmopoulou , Efthymios Georgiou , Vaggelis Dorovatas , Georgios Paraskevopoulos , Alexandros Potamianos

Masked language modeling (MLM) is the standard objective for training protein language models, typically implemented by randomly masking individual residues at a fixed rate (e.g., 15%). This practice implicitly assumes that all sequence…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Thomas Walton , Ayan Goel , Amirali Aghazadeh

Pretraining from unlabelled web videos has quickly become the de-facto means of achieving high performance on many video understanding tasks. Features are learned via prediction of grounded relationships between visual content and automatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Jack Hessel , Zhenhai Zhu , Bo Pang , Radu Soricut

Masked image modeling (MIM) has emerged as a promising approach for pre-training Vision Transformers (ViTs). MIMs predict masked tokens token-wise to recover target signals that are tokenized from images or generated by pre-trained models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Taekyung Kim , Byeongho Heo , Dongyoon Han

Diffusion models have demonstrated strong potential in language modeling, offering various advantages over traditional autoregressive approaches. Their ability to generate and revise entire responses in parallel enables faster generation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Michael Hersche , Samuel Moor-Smith , Thomas Hofmann , Abbas Rahimi