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Attention Mechanism is a widely used method for improving the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on computer vision tasks. Despite its pervasiveness, we have a poor understanding of what its effectiveness stems from. It is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Xiang Ye , Zihang He , Heng Wang , Yong Li

Conditional Neural Processes (CNP; Garnelo et al., 2018) are an attractive family of meta-learning models which produce well-calibrated predictions, enable fast inference at test time, and are trainable via a simple maximum likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Stratis Markou , James Requeima , Wessel Bruinsma , Richard Turner

It has been observed that neural networks perform poorly when the data or tasks are presented sequentially. Unlike humans, neural networks suffer greatly from catastrophic forgetting, making it impossible to perform life-long learning. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Longhui Yu , Tianyang Hu , Lanqing Hong , Zhen Liu , Adrian Weller , Weiyang Liu

Recently, Memory-based Neural Recommenders (MNR) have demonstrated superior predictive accuracy in the task of sequential recommendations, particularly for modeling long-term item dependencies. However, typical MNR requires complex memory…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Shilin Qu , Fajie Yuan , Guibing Guo , Liguang Zhang , Wei Wei

The ability to learn continuously in artificial neural networks (ANNs) is often limited by catastrophic forgetting, a phenomenon in which new knowledge becomes dominant. By taking mechanisms of memory encoding in neuroscience (aka. engrams)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Isabelle Aguilar , Luis Fernando Herbozo Contreras , Omid Kavehei

Several mechanisms to focus attention of a neural network on selected parts of its input or memory have been used successfully in deep learning models in recent years. Attention has improved image classification, image captioning, speech…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Łukasz Kaiser , Samy Bengio

Prior methods propose to offset the escalating costs of modern foundation models by dropping specific parts of their contexts with hand-designed rules, while attempting to preserve their original performance. We overcome this trade-off with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Edoardo Cetin , Qi Sun , Tianyu Zhao , Yujin Tang

Transformers have been established as the de-facto backbones for most recent advances in sequence modeling, mainly due to their growing memory capacity that scales with the context length. While plausible for retrieval tasks, it causes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Ali Behrouz , Zeman Li , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

Continual Semantic Parsing (CSP) aims to train parsers to convert natural language questions into SQL across tasks with limited annotated examples, adapting to the real-world scenario of dynamically updated databases. Previous studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Ruiheng Liu , Jinyu Zhang , Yanqi Song , Yu Zhang , Bailong Yang

This paper introduces an Enhanced Boolean version of the Correlation Matrix Memory (CMM), which is useful to work with binary memories. A novel Boolean Orthonormalization Process (BOP) is presented to convert a non-orthonormal Boolean…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Mario Mastriani

Sequential learning of multiple tasks in artificial neural networks using gradient descent leads to catastrophic forgetting, whereby previously learned knowledge is erased during learning of new, disjoint knowledge. Here, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Shixian Wen , Laurent Itti

Tabular data streams are increasingly prevalent in real-time decision-making across healthcare, finance, and the Internet of Things, often generated and processed on resource-constrained edge and mobile devices. Continual learning (CL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yuandou Wang , Filip Gunnarsson , Rihan Hai

Convolutional neural network (CNN) achieves excellent performance on fascinating tasks such as image recognition and natural language processing at the cost of high power consumption. Stochastic computing (SC) is an attractive paradigm…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-24 Xinyue Zhang , Yuan Wang , Yawen Zhang , Jiahao Song , Zuodong Zhang , Kaili Cheng , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang

Continual learning (CL) aims to efficiently learn from a non-stationary data stream, without storing or recomputing all seen samples. CL enables prediction on new tasks by incorporating sequential training samples. Building on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chongyang Zhao , Dong Gong

As transistor-based memory technologies like dynamic random access memory (DRAM) approach their scalability limits, the need to explore alternative storage solutions becomes increasingly urgent. Phase-change memory (PCM) has gained…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Mahek Desai , Rowena Quinn , Marjan Asadinia

Transformer plays a central role in many fundamental deep learning models, e.g., the ViT in computer vision and the BERT and GPT in natural language processing, whose effectiveness is mainly attributed to its multi-head attention (MHA)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Shen Yuan , Hongteng Xu

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) frequently "cheat" by exploiting superficial correlations, raising concerns about whether they make predictions for the right reasons. Inspired by cognitive science, which highlights the role of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ryan L. Yang , Dipkamal Bhusal , Nidhi Rastogi

Attention mechanisms, especially self-attention, have played an increasingly important role in deep feature representation for visual tasks. Self-attention updates the feature at each position by computing a weighted sum of features using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Meng-Hao Guo , Zheng-Ning Liu , Tai-Jiang Mu , Shi-Min Hu

We propose an end-to-end-trainable attention module for convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures built for image classification. The module takes as input the 2D feature vector maps which form the intermediate representations of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Saumya Jetley , Nicholas A. Lord , Namhoon Lee , Philip H. S. Torr

Unsupervised Continuous Anomaly Detection (UCAD) is gaining attention for effectively addressing the catastrophic forgetting and heavy computational burden issues in traditional Unsupervised Anomaly Detection (UAD). However, existing UCAD…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Mingle Zhou , Jiahui Liu , Jin Wan , Gang Li , Min Li