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The core challenge of offline reinforcement learning (RL) is dealing with the (potentially catastrophic) extrapolation error induced by the distribution shift between the history dataset and the desired policy. A large portion of prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Laixi Shi , Robert Dadashi , Yuejie Chi , Pablo Samuel Castro , Matthieu Geist

Offline-to-online reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a practical paradigm that leverages offline datasets for pretraining and online interactions for fine-tuning. However, its empirical behavior is highly inconsistent: design…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lu Li , Tianwei Ni , Yihao Sun , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables policy learning from fixed datasets without further environment interaction, making it particularly valuable in high-risk or costly domains. Extreme $Q$-Learning (XQL) is a recent offline RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Xinming Gao , Shangzhe Li , Yujin Cai , Wenwu Yu

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a promising approach to avoid costly online interaction with the real environment. However, the performance of offline RL highly depends on the quality of the datasets, which may cause…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yiwen Hou , Haoyuan Sun , Jinming Ma , Feng Wu

The excellent performance of Transformer in supervised learning has led to growing interest in its potential application to deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to achieve high performance on a wide variety of problems. However, the decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Hidenori Itaya , Tsubasa Hirakawa , Takayoshi Yamashita , Hironobu Fujiyoshi , Komei Sugiura

Recent work in offline reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated the effectiveness of formulating decision-making as return-conditioned supervised learning. Notably, the decision transformer (DT) architecture has shown promise across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Tung M. Luu , Donghoon Lee , Chang D. Yoo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has shown significant promise for sequential portfolio optimization tasks, such as stock trading, where the objective is to maximize cumulative returns while minimizing risks using historical data. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Haochen Yuan , Minting Pan , Yunbo Wang , Siyu Gao , Philip S. Yu , Xiaokang Yang

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) promises the ability to learn effective policies solely using existing, static datasets, without any costly online interaction. To do so, offline RL methods must handle distributional shift between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Joey Hong , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

The goal in offline data-driven decision-making is synthesize decisions that optimize a black-box utility function, using a previously-collected static dataset, with no active interaction. These problems appear in many forms: offline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Han Qi , Yi Su , Aviral Kumar , Sergey Levine

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) seeks to learn optimal policies from static datasets without further environment interaction. A key challenge is the distribution shift between the learned and behavior policies, leading to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Haohui Chen , Zhiyong Chen

A key task in Artificial Intelligence is learning effective policies for controlling agents in unknown environments to optimize performance measures. Off-policy learning methods, like Q-learning, allow learners to make optimal decisions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Mingxuan Li , Junzhe Zhang , Elias Bareinboim

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been shown to be effective at learning control from experience. However, RL typically requires a large amount of online interaction with the environment. This limits its applicability to real-world settings,…

Imagine if AI decision-support tools not only complemented our ability to make accurate decisions, but also improved our skills, boosted collaboration, and elevated the joy we derive from our tasks. Despite the potential to optimize a broad…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Zana Buçinca , Siddharth Swaroop , Amanda E. Paluch , Susan A. Murphy , Krzysztof Z. Gajos

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn optimal policies from previously collected datasets. Recently, due to their powerful representational capabilities, diffusion models have shown significant potential as policy models for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Tianle Zhang , Jiayi Guan , Lin Zhao , Yihang Li , Dongjiang Li , Zecui Zeng , Lei Sun , Yue Chen , Xuelong Wei , Lusong Li , Xiaodong He

Despite their effectiveness and popularity in offline or model-based reinforcement learning (RL), transformers remain underexplored in online model-free RL due to their sensitivity to training setups and model design decisions such as how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Nikita Kachaev , Daniil Zelezetsky , Egor Cherepanov , Alexey K. Kovelev , Aleksandr I. Panov

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn optimal policies from offline datasets, where the parameterization of policies is crucial but often overlooked. Recently, Diffsuion-QL significantly boosts the performance of offline RL by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Bingyi Kang , Xiao Ma , Chao Du , Tianyu Pang , Shuicheng Yan

We study the problem of safe offline reinforcement learning (RL), the goal is to learn a policy that maximizes long-term reward while satisfying safety constraints given only offline data, without further interaction with the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Haoran Xu , Xianyuan Zhan , Xiangyu Zhu

In offline reinforcement learning, a policy is learned using a static dataset in the absence of costly feedback from the environment. In contrast to the online setting, only using static datasets poses additional challenges, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Marvin Alles , Philip Becker-Ehmck , Patrick van der Smagt , Maximilian Karl

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) extends the paradigm of classical RL algorithms to purely learning from static datasets, without interacting with the underlying environment during the learning process. A key challenge of offline RL is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Shentao Yang , Yihao Feng , Shujian Zhang , Mingyuan Zhou

A promising paradigm for offline reinforcement learning (RL) is to constrain the learned policy to stay close to the dataset behaviors, known as policy constraint offline RL. However, existing works heavily rely on the purity of the data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Chengqian Gao , Ke Xu , Liu Liu , Deheng Ye , Peilin Zhao , Zhiqiang Xu