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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) based embedding models have established new state-of-the-art benchmarks for text embedding tasks, particularly in dense vector-based retrieval. However, these models predominantly focus on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Hieu Man , Nghia Trung Ngo , Viet Dac Lai , Ryan A. Rossi , Franck Dernoncourt , Thien Huu Nguyen

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown immense promise in universal multimodal retrieval, which aims to find relevant items of various modalities for a given query. But their practical application is often hindered by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Qi Li , Yanzhe Zhao , Yongxin Zhou , Yameng Wang , Yandong Yang , Yuanjia Zhou , Jue Wang , Zuojian Wang , Jinxiang Liu

The advent of vision-language pre-training techniques enhanced substantial progress in the development of models for image captioning. However, these models frequently produce generic captions and may omit semantically important image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Noam Rotstein , David Bensaid , Shaked Brody , Roy Ganz , Ron Kimmel

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) represent images and video frames as visual tokens. Scaling from single images to hour-long videos, however, inflates the token budget far beyond practical limits. Popular pipelines therefore either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Zirui Zhu , Hailun Xu , Yang Luo , Yong Liu , Kanchan Sarkar , Zhenheng Yang , Yang You

Language models (LMs) are bound to their tokenizer, which maps raw text to a sequence of vocabulary items (tokens). This restricts their flexibility: for example, LMs trained primarily on English may still perform well in other natural and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Benjamin Minixhofer , Edoardo Maria Ponti , Ivan Vulić

Recent multilingual pretrained language models (mPLMs) often avoid using language embeddings -- learnable vectors assigned to individual languages. However, this places a significant burden on token representations to encode all…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Yihong Liu , Haotian Ye , Chunlan Ma , Mingyang Wang , Hinrich Schütze

As Large Language Models (LLMs) scale, data curation has shifted from maximizing volume to optimizing the signal-to-noise ratio by performing quality filtering. However, for many languages, native high quality data is insufficient to train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Yassine Turki , Vinko Sabolčec , Bettina Messmer , Martin Jaggi

Multilingual semantic parsing is a cost-effective method that allows a single model to understand different languages. However, researchers face a great imbalance of availability of training data, with English being resource rich, and other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Menglin Xia , Emilio Monti

We propose an unsupervised method to obtain cross-lingual embeddings without any parallel data or pre-trained word embeddings. The proposed model, which we call multilingual neural language models, takes sentences of multiple languages as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Takashi Wada , Tomoharu Iwata

We introduce a novel method for multilingual transfer that utilizes deep contextual embeddings, pretrained in an unsupervised fashion. While contextual embeddings have been shown to yield richer representations of meaning compared to their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-05 Tal Schuster , Ori Ram , Regina Barzilay , Amir Globerson

Topic modeling is traditionally applied to word counts without accounting for the context in which words appear. Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) offer contextualized word embeddings, which capture deeper meaning and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-30 Morgane Austern , Yuanchuan Guo , Zheng Tracy Ke , Tianle Liu

A recent research line has obtained strong results on bilingual lexicon induction by aligning independently trained word embeddings in two languages and using the resulting cross-lingual embeddings to induce word translation pairs through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Mikel Artetxe , Gorka Labaka , Eneko Agirre

Multilingual machine translation enables a single model to translate between different languages. Most existing multilingual machine translation systems adopt a randomly initialized Transformer backbone. In this work, inspired by the recent…

We present a family of neural-network--inspired models for computing continuous word representations, specifically designed to exploit both monolingual and multilingual text. This framework allows us to perform unsupervised training of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Radu Soricut , Nan Ding

Nowadays, training end-to-end neural models for spoken language translation (SLT) still has to confront with extreme data scarcity conditions. The existing SLT parallel corpora are indeed orders of magnitude smaller than those available for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-09 Mattia Antonino Di Gangi , Matteo Negri , Marco Turchi

We present a language independent, unsupervised approach for transforming word embeddings from source language to target language using a transformation matrix. Our model handles the problem of data scarcity which is faced by many languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Syed Sarfaraz Akhtar , Arihant Gupta , Avijit Vajpayee , Arjit Srivastava , Madan Gopal Jhawar , Manish Shrivastava

Transformer has demonstrated its great power to learn contextual word representations for multiple languages in a single model. To process multilingual sentences in the model, a learnable vector is usually assigned to each language, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Shengjie Luo , Kaiyuan Gao , Shuxin Zheng , Guolin Ke , Di He , Liwei Wang , Tie-Yan Liu

Cross-lingual word embeddings aim to bridge the gap between high-resource and low-resource languages by allowing to learn multilingual word representations even without using any direct bilingual signal. The lion's share of the methods are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 Magdalena Biesialska , Marta R. Costa-jussà

We propose Masker, an unsupervised text-editing method for style transfer. To tackle cases when no parallel source-target pairs are available, we train masked language models (MLMs) for both the source and the target domain. Then we find…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Eric Malmi , Aliaksei Severyn , Sascha Rothe

Biological multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have emerged as powerful foundation models for scientific discovery. However, existing models are specialized to a single modality, limiting their ability to solve inherently cross-modal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Wonbin Lee , Dongki Kim , Sung Ju Hwang
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