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The formalisation of mathematics is starting to become routine, but the value of this technology to the work of mathematicians remains to be shown. There are few examples of using proof assistants to verify brand-new work. This paper…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Lawrence C Paulson

Since the early twentieth century, it has been understood that mathematical definitions and proofs can be represented in formal systems systems with precise grammars and rules of use. Building on such foundations, computational proof…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2023-11-07 Jeremy Avigad

The ForMaRE project applies formal mathematical reasoning to economics. We seek to increase confidence in economics' theoretical results, to aid in discovering new results, and to foster interest in formal methods, i.e. computer-aided…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2013-05-21 Christoph Lange , Colin Rowat , Manfred Kerber

Verifying mathematical proofs is difficult, but can be automated with the assistance of a computer. Autoformalization is the task of automatically translating natural language mathematics into a formal language that can be verified by a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Nilay Patel , Rahul Saha , Jeffrey Flanigan

Autoformalization, the process of transforming informal mathematical propositions into verifiable formal representations, is a foundational task in automated theorem proving, offering a new perspective on the use of mathematics in both…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Ke Weng , Lun Du , Sirui Li , Wangyue Lu , Haozhe Sun , Hengyu Liu , Tiancheng Zhang

Mathematics formalisation is the task of writing mathematics (i.e., definitions, theorem statements, proofs) in natural language, as found in books and papers, into a formal language that can then be checked for correctness by a program. It…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Ayush Agrawal , Siddhartha Gadgil , Navin Goyal , Ashvni Narayanan , Anand Tadipatri

Real-life conjectures do not come with instructions saying whether they they should be proven or, instead, refuted. Yet, as we now know, in either case the final argument produced had better be not just convincing but actually verifiable in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-07-21 João Marcos

In the recent years, we have linked a large corpus of formal mathematics with automated theorem proving (ATP) tools, and started to develop combined AI/ATP systems working in this setting. In this paper we first relate this project to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-12-18 Josef Urban , Jiri Vyskocil

The formal system $\lambda\delta$ is a typed lambda calculus derived from $\Lambda_\infty$, aiming to support the foundations of Mathematics that require an underlying theory of expressions (for example the Minimal Type Theory). The system…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Ferruccio Guidi

Autoformalization has emerged as a term referring to the automation of formalization - specifically, the formalization of mathematics using interactive theorem provers (proof assistants). Its rapid development has been driven by progress in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Agnieszka Mensfelt , David Tena Cucala , Santiago Franco , Angeliki Koutsoukou-Argyraki , Vince Trencsenyi , Kostas Stathis

In order to work with mathematical content in computer systems, it is necessary to represent it in formal languages. Ideally, these are supported by tools that verify the correctness of the content, allow computing with it, and produce…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Cezary Kaliszyk , Florian Rabe

Perfectoid spaces are sophisticated objects in arithmetic geometry introduced by Peter Scholze in 2012. We formalised enough definitions and theorems in topology, algebra and geometry to define perfectoid spaces in the Lean theorem prover.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Kevin Buzzard , Johan Commelin , Patrick Massot

This volume contains the proceedings of MARS 2017, the second workshop on Models for Formal Analysis of Real Systems, held on April 29, 2017 in Uppala, Sweden, as an affiliated workshop of ETAPS 2017, the European Joint Conferences on…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Holger Hermanns , Peter Höfner

Formal methods provide systematic and rigorous techniques for software development. We strongly believe that they must be taught in computer science curricula. In this paper we present the pedagogic rationale and the concrete implementation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Salwa Souaf , Frédéric Loulergue

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) is not only intriguing intellectually but also crucial for AI-driven discovery in science, engineering, and beyond. Extensive efforts on AI4Math have mirrored techniques in NLP, in particular, training large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Kaiyu Yang , Gabriel Poesia , Jingxuan He , Wenda Li , Kristin Lauter , Swarat Chaudhuri , Dawn Song

Education in the practical applications of logic and proving such as the formal specification and verification of computer programs is substantially hampered by the fact that most time and effort that is invested in proving is actually…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-03-06 Wolfgang Schreiner , Alexander Brunhuemer , Christoph Fürst

Automated formalization of mathematics enables mechanical verification but remains limited to isolated theorems and short snippets. Scaling to textbooks and research papers is largely unaddressed, as it requires managing cross-file…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Zichen Wang , Wanli Ma , Zhenyu Ming , Gong Zhang , Kun Yuan , Zaiwen Wen

Formal mathematics is mathematics done within the framework of a formal logic. It offers major benefits to mathematicians as well as to computing professionals, engineers, and scientists who use mathematics in their work. The standard…

Logic · Mathematics 2026-03-24 William M. Farmer

We present an overview of how certain computational tools currently interact with mathematical practice, and reflect on the implications for research mathematics in the short to medium term, as the field navigates the emerging age of AI and…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Alex Kontorovich

The Agora system is a prototype "Wiki for Formal Mathematics", with an aim to support developing and documenting large formalizations of mathematics in a proof assistant. The functions implemented in Agora include in-browser editing, strong…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2013-05-27 Carst Tankink , Cezary Kaliszyk , Josef Urban , Herman Geuvers
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