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Deep neural networks are very successful on many vision tasks, but hard to interpret due to their black box nature. To overcome this, various post-hoc attribution methods have been proposed to identify image regions most influential to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sukrut Rao , Moritz Böhle , Bernt Schiele

Deep neural networks are very successful on many vision tasks, but hard to interpret due to their black box nature. To overcome this, various post-hoc attribution methods have been proposed to identify image regions most influential to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Sukrut Rao , Moritz Böhle , Bernt Schiele

Deep Learning methods are renowned for their performances, yet their lack of interpretability prevents them from high-stakes contexts. Recent model agnostic methods address this problem by providing post-hoc interpretability methods by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Marco Repetto

Post-hoc importance attribution methods are a popular tool for "explaining" Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) and are inherently based on the assumption that the explanations can be applied independently of how the models were trained.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Siddhartha Gairola , Moritz Böhle , Francesco Locatello , Bernt Schiele

Explainable AI aims to render model behavior understandable by humans, which can be seen as an intermediate step in extracting causal relations from correlative patterns. Due to the high risk of possible fatal decisions in image-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Lukas Klein , João B. S. Carvalho , Mennatallah El-Assady , Paolo Penna , Joachim M. Buhmann , Paul F. Jaeger

We present an amortized framework for real-time visual attribution streaming in multimodal thinking models. When these models generate code from a screenshot or solve math problems from images, their long reasoning traces should be grounded…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Seil Kang , Woojung Han , Junhyeok Kim , Jinyeong Kim , Youngeun Kim , Seong Jae Hwang

Attribution maps are one of the most established tools to explain the functioning of computer vision models. They assign importance scores to input features, indicating how relevant each feature is for the prediction of a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Robin Hesse , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

Understanding the decision processes of deep vision models is essential for their safe and trustworthy deployment in real-world settings. Existing explainability approaches, such as saliency maps or concept-based analyses, often suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Éloi Zablocki , Valentin Gerard , Amaia Cardiel , Eric Gaussier , Matthieu Cord , Eduardo Valle

We present a method for neural network interpretability by combining feature attribution with counterfactual explanations to generate attribution maps that highlight the most discriminative features between pairs of classes. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Nils Eckstein , Alexander S. Bates , Gregory S. X. E. Jefferis , Jan Funke

We study the problem of attributing the prediction of a deep network to its input features, a problem previously studied by several other works. We identify two fundamental axioms---Sensitivity and Implementation Invariance that attribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-14 Mukund Sundararajan , Ankur Taly , Qiqi Yan

The majority of existing post-hoc explanation approaches for machine learning models produce independent, per-variable feature attribution scores, ignoring a critical inherent characteristics of homogeneously structured data, such as visual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Vadim Borisov , Gjergji Kasneci

Deep neural networks are often considered opaque systems, prompting the need for explainability methods to improve trust and accountability. Existing approaches typically attribute test-time predictions either to input features (e.g.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Aziz Bacha , Thomas George

We introduce the metagame, a conceptual framework for quantifying second-order interaction effects of model explanations. For any first-order attribution $\phi(f)$ explaining a model $f$, we measure the directional influence of feature $j$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hubert Baniecki , Przemyslaw Biecek , Fabian Fumagalli

To verify and validate networks, it is essential to gain insight into their decisions, limitations as well as possible shortcomings of training data. In this work, we propose a post-hoc, optimization based visual explanation method, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Jörg Wagner , Jan Mathias Köhler , Tobias Gindele , Leon Hetzel , Jakob Thaddäus Wiedemer , Sven Behnke

Saliency methods provide post-hoc model interpretation by attributing input features to the model outputs. Current methods mainly achieve this using a single input sample, thereby failing to answer input-independent inquiries about the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-03 Naveed Akhtar , Mohammad A. A. K. Jalwana

Self-explaining deep models are designed to learn the latent concept-based explanations implicitly during training, which eliminates the requirement of any post-hoc explanation generation technique. In this work, we propose one such model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Anirban Sarkar , Deepak Vijaykeerthy , Anindya Sarkar , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Capabilities of inference and prediction are significant components of visual systems. In this paper, we address an important and challenging task of them: visual path prediction. Its goal is to infer the future path for a visual object in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-12-16 Siyu Huang , Xi Li , Zhongfei Zhang , Zhouzhou He , Fei Wu , Wei Liu , Jinhui Tang , Yueting Zhuang

Neural networks have achieved remarkable success across various fields. However, the lack of interpretability limits their practical use, particularly in critical decision-making scenarios. Post-hoc interpretability, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yang Ji , Ying Sun , Yuting Zhang , Zhigaoyuan Wang , Yuanxin Zhuang , Zheng Gong , Dazhong Shen , Chuan Qin , Hengshu Zhu , Hui Xiong

Deep learning models developed for time-series associated tasks have become more widely researched nowadays. However, due to the unintuitive nature of time-series data, the interpretability problem -- where we understand what is under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Ziqi Zhao , Yucheng Shi , Shushan Wu , Fan Yang , Wenzhan Song , Ninghao Liu

This paper presents a novel concept learning framework for enhancing model interpretability and performance in visual classification tasks. Our approach appends an unsupervised explanation generator to the primary classifier network and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Tanmay Garg , Deepika Vemuri , Vineeth N Balasubramanian
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