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Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well on unseen tasks in English, but their abilities in non English languages are less explored due to limited benchmarks and training data. To bridge this gap, we introduce the Indic QA Benchmark, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Abhishek Kumar Singh , Vishwajeet kumar , Rudra Murthy , Jaydeep Sen , Ashish Mittal , Ganesh Ramakrishnan

Multilingual large language models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant cross-lingual capabilities through in-context learning. Existing approaches typically construct monolingual in-context examples, either in the source or target…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Sunkyoung Kim , Dayeon Ki , Yireun Kim , Jinsik Lee

The study of the attribution of input features to the output of neural network models is an active area of research. While numerous Explainable AI (XAI) techniques have been proposed to interpret these models, the systematic and automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Aria Nourbakhsh , Salima Lamsiyah , Adelaide Danilov , Christoph Schommer

Multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful capabilities for cross-lingual fact-checking. However, these models often exhibit language bias, performing disproportionately better on high-resource languages such as English than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Ivan Vykopal , Antonia Karamolegkou , Jaroslav Kopčan , Qiwei Peng , Tomáš Javůrek , Michal Gregor , Marián Šimko

Authorship attribution (AA) is the task of identifying the most likely author of a query document from a predefined set of candidate authors. We introduce a two-stage retrieve-and-rerank framework that finetunes LLMs for cross-genre AA.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Shantanu Agarwal , Joel Barry , Steven Fincke , Scott Miller

Retrieving relevant context is a common approach to reduce hallucinations and enhance answer reliability. Explicitly citing source documents allows users to verify generated responses and increases trust. Prior work largely evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Jonas Wallat , Maria Heuss , Maarten de Rijke , Avishek Anand

Large language models (LLMs) have emerged as versatile tools in various daily applications. However, they are fraught with issues that undermine their utility and trustworthiness. These include the incorporation of erroneous references…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Dongyub Lee , Taesun Whang , Chanhee Lee , Heuiseok Lim

Evaluating generative models, such as large language models (LLMs), commonly involves question-answering tasks where the final answer is selected based on probability of answer choices. On the other hand, for models requiring reasoning, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Hwiyeol Jo , Joosung Lee , Jaehone Lee , Sang-Woo Lee , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo

Large language models (LLMs) achieve strong average performance yet remain unreliable at the instance level, with frequent hallucinations, brittle failures, and poorly calibrated confidence. We study reliability through the lens of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Pranav Kallem

Automatic question generation is an important technique that can improve the training of question answering, help chatbots to start or continue a conversation with humans, and provide assessment materials for educational purposes. Existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Bang Liu , Mingjun Zhao , Di Niu , Kunfeng Lai , Yancheng He , Haojie Wei , Yu Xu

Achieving the right amount of trust in AI systems is important, but challenging. The problem is exacerbated with the rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) as they provide human-level communication capabilities, but potentially hallucinate in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Daan Di Scala , Maaike de Boer , Pınar Yolum

We present the findings of the Machine Learning Model Attribution Challenge. Fine-tuned machine learning models may derive from other trained models without obvious attribution characteristics. In this challenge, participants identify the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Elizabeth Merkhofer , Deepesh Chaudhari , Hyrum S. Anderson , Keith Manville , Lily Wong , João Gante

Attribution maps are one of the most established tools to explain the functioning of computer vision models. They assign importance scores to input features, indicating how relevant each feature is for the prediction of a deep neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Robin Hesse , Simone Schaub-Meyer , Stefan Roth

Considering the limited internal parametric knowledge, retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has been widely used to extend the knowledge scope of large language models (LLMs). Despite the extensive efforts on RAG research, in existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Yuhao Wang , Ruiyang Ren , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Ji-Rong Wen

The wide applicability and adaptability of generative large language models (LLMs) has enabled their rapid adoption. While the pre-trained models can perform many tasks, such models are often fine-tuned to improve their performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Myles Foley , Ambrish Rawat , Taesung Lee , Yufang Hou , Gabriele Picco , Giulio Zizzo

While Large language models (LLMs) have become excellent writing assistants, they still struggle with quotation generation. This is because they either hallucinate when providing factual quotations or fail to provide quotes that exceed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Jin Xiao , Bowei Zhang , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Feng Wei , Jinglei Chen , Zujie Liang , Deqing Yang , Yanghua Xiao

Attribution is a key concept in large language models (LLMs) as it enables control over information sources and enhances the factuality of LLMs. While existing approaches utilize open book question answering to improve attribution, factual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Abdullatif Köksal , Renat Aksitov , Chung-Ching Chang

Short answer assessment is a vital component of science education, allowing evaluation of students' complex three-dimensional understanding. Large language models (LLMs) that possess human-like ability in linguistic tasks are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yucheng Chu , Peng He , Hang Li , Haoyu Han , Kaiqi Yang , Yu Xue , Tingting Li , Joseph Krajcik , Jiliang Tang

Small language models (SLMs) are widely used in tasks that require low latency and lightweight deployment, particularly classification. As interpretability and robustness gain increasing importance, explanation-guided learning has emerged…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhuoran Zhang , Feng Zhang , Shangyuan Li , Yang Shi , Yuanxing Zhang , Wei Chen , Tengjiao Wang , Kam-Fai Wong

Recent studies have demonstrated that large language models (LLMs) exhibit significant biases in evaluation tasks, particularly in preferentially rating and favoring self-generated content. However, the extent to which this bias manifests…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yen-Shan Chen , Jing Jin , Peng-Ting Kuo , Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen