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Large language models (LLMs) have become integral to a wide range of applications worldwide, driving an unprecedented global demand for effective multilingual capabilities. Central to achieving robust multilingual performance is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ping Guo , Yubing Ren , Binbin Liu , Fengze Liu , Haobin Lin , Yifan Zhang , Bingni Zhang , Taifeng Wang , Yin Zheng

Misinformation is on the rise, and the strong writing capabilities of LLMs lower the barrier for malicious actors to produce and disseminate false information. We study how LLMs behave when prompted to spread misinformation across languages…

Current translation systems, despite being highly multilingual, cover only 5% of the world's languages. Expanding language coverage to the long-tail of low-resource languages requires data-efficient methods that rely on cross-lingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Ioannis Tsiamas , David Dale , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Figures of Speech (FoS) consist of multi-word phrases that are deeply intertwined with culture. While Neural Machine Translation (NMT) performs relatively well with the figurative expressions of high-resource languages, it often faces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Johan Sofalas , Dilushri Pavithra , Nevidu Jayatilleke , Ruvan Weerasinghe

This study introduces CLASP (Contrastive Language-Speech Pretraining), a multilingual, multimodal representation tailored for audio-text information retrieval. CLASP leverages the synergy between spoken content and textual data. During…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Mohammad Mahdi Abootorabi , Ehsaneddin Asgari

Code-switching is the use of more than one language in the same conversation or utterance. Recently, multilingual contextual embedding models, trained on multiple monolingual corpora, have shown promising results on cross-lingual and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Simran Khanuja , Sandipan Dandapat , Anirudh Srinivasan , Sunayana Sitaram , Monojit Choudhury

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced instruction-following capabilities. However, most Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) datasets are predominantly in English, limiting model performance in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Wenxuan Zhou , Shamil Chollampatt , Ravi Agrawal , Kaiqiang Song , Lingxiao Zhao , Chenguang Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in multilingual applications but often generate plausible yet incorrect or misleading outputs, known as hallucinations. While hallucination detection has been studied extensively in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hrishikesh Terdalkar , Kirtan Bhojani , Aryan Dongare , Omm Aditya Behera

Building safe Large Language Models (LLMs) across multiple languages is essential in ensuring both safe access and linguistic diversity. To this end, we conduct a large-scale, comprehensive safety evaluation of the current LLM landscape.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Felix Friedrich , Simone Tedeschi , Patrick Schramowski , Manuel Brack , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li , Kristian Kersting

As language models (LMs) become increasingly powerful and widely used, it is important to quantify them for sociodemographic bias with potential for harm. Prior measures of bias are sensitive to perturbations in the templates designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Vipul Gupta , Pranav Narayanan Venkit , Hugo Laurençon , Shomir Wilson , Rebecca J. Passonneau

Code-switching (CS) is the process of speakers interchanging between two or more languages which in the modern world becomes increasingly common. In order to better describe CS speech the Matrix Language Frame (MLF) theory introduces the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Olga Iakovenko , Thomas Hain

Multilingual proficiency presents a significant challenge for large language models (LLMs). English-centric models are usually suboptimal in other languages, particularly those that are linguistically distant from English. This performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Geyu Lin , Bin Wang , Zhengyuan Liu , Nancy F. Chen

Establishing fair and robust benchmarks is essential for evaluating intelligent code generation by large language models (LLMs). Our survey of 35 existing benchmarks uncovers three major imbalances: 85.7% focus on a single programming…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Shuai Wang , Liang Ding , Li Shen , Yong Luo , Han Hu , Lefei Zhang , Fu Lin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing applications, yet their widespread use raises concerns regarding inherent biases that may reduce utility or harm for particular social groups. Despite the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-05 Bo Pang , Tingrui Qiao , Caroline Walker , Chris Cunningham , Yun Sing Koh

We address fine-grained multilingual language identification: providing a language code for every token in a sentence, including codemixed text containing multiple languages. Such text is prevalent online, in documents, social media, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Yuan Zhang , Jason Riesa , Daniel Gillick , Anton Bakalov , Jason Baldridge , David Weiss

Code-switching, also called code-mixing, is the linguistics phenomenon where in casual settings, multilingual speakers mix words from different languages in one utterance. Due to its spontaneous nature, code-switching is extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Shuyue Stella Li , Cihan Xiao , Tianjian Li , Bismarck Odoom

In this paper, we extend previous self-supervised approaches for language identification by experimenting with Conformer based architecture in a multilingual pre-training paradigm. We find that pre-trained speech models optimally encode…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Travis M. Bartley , Fei Jia , Krishna C. Puvvada , Samuel Kriman , Boris Ginsburg

Cross-lingual summarization (CLS) aims to generate a summary for the source text in a different target language. Currently, instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) excel at various English tasks. However, unlike languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Zhecheng Li , Yiwei Wang , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Naifan Cheung , Nanyun Peng , Kai-wei Chang

Code-switching, or alternating between languages within a single conversation, presents challenges for multilingual language models on NLP tasks. This research investigates if pre-training Multilingual BERT (mBERT) on code-switched datasets…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Katherine Xie , Nitya Babbar , Vicky Chen , Yoanna Turura

We present NN-Rank, an algorithm for ranking source languages for cross-lingual transfer, which leverages hidden representations from multilingual models and unlabeled target-language data. We experiment with two pretrained multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Abteen Ebrahimi , Adam Wiemerslage , Katharina von der Wense