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A weakly supervised learning based clustering framework is proposed in this paper. As the core of this framework, we introduce a novel multiple instance learning task based on a bag level label called unique class count ($ucc$), which is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Mustafa Umit Oner , Hwee Kuan Lee , Wing-Kin Sung

Weakly supervised visual recognition using inexact supervision is a critical yet challenging learning problem. It significantly reduces human labeling costs and traditionally relies on multi-instance learning and pseudo-labeling. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Lianghui Zhu , Junwei Zhou , Yan Liu , Xin Hao , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

Training deep neural networks requires massive amounts of training data, but for many tasks only limited labeled data is available. This makes weak supervision attractive, using weak or noisy signals like the output of heuristic methods or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-08 Mostafa Dehghani , Aliaksei Severyn , Sascha Rothe , Jaap Kamps

In practical machine learning applications, it is often challenging to assign accurate labels to data, and increasing the number of labeled instances is often limited. In such cases, Weakly Supervised Learning (WSL), which enables training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Tomoya Tate , Kosuke Sugiyama , Masato Uchida

Unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) for semantic segmentation addresses the cross-domain problem with fine source domain labels. However, the acquisition of semantic labels has always been a difficult step, many scenarios only have weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-06 Shengjie Liu , Chuang Zhu , Wenqi Tang

Weakly supervised learning is a popular approach for training machine learning models in low-resource settings. Instead of requesting high-quality yet costly human annotations, it allows training models with noisy annotations obtained from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Dawei Zhu , Xiaoyu Shen , Marius Mosbach , Andreas Stephan , Dietrich Klakow

Weakly labeled datasets such as AudioSet have driven recent progress in audio tagging. However, annotation quality varies across sound classes. Labels may be incomplete, ambiguous, or unreliable, which introduces class-dependent supervision…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Yuanbo Hou , Zhaoyi Liu , Tong Ye , Qiaoqiao Ren , Jian Guan , Wenwu Wang , Stephen Roberts

In this paper, we study the problem of learning from weakly labeled data, where labels of the training examples are incomplete. This includes, for example, (i) semi-supervised learning where labels are partially known; (ii) multi-instance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Yu-Feng Li , Ivor W. Tsang , James T. Kwok , Zhi-Hua Zhou

It is well-known that deep learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Existing studies of adversarial training have made great progress against this challenge. As a typical trait, they often assume that the class distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-27 Wenzheng Hou , Qianqian Xu , Zhiyong Yang , Shilong Bao , Yuan He , Qingming Huang

As machine learning models continue to increase in complexity, collecting large hand-labeled training sets has become one of the biggest roadblocks in practice. Instead, weaker forms of supervision that provide noisier but cheaper labels…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-12-10 Alexander Ratner , Braden Hancock , Jared Dunnmon , Frederic Sala , Shreyash Pandey , Christopher Ré

High-quality labels are often very scarce, whereas unlabeled data with inferred weak labels occurs more naturally. In many cases, these weak labels dictate the frequency of each respective class over a set of instances. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Vinay Shukla , Zhe Zeng , Kareem Ahmed , Guy Van den Broeck

Weak supervision (WS) is a rich set of techniques that produce pseudolabels by aggregating easily obtained but potentially noisy label estimates from a variety of sources. WS is theoretically well understood for binary classification, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Harit Vishwakarma , Nicholas Roberts , Frederic Sala

Applied mathematics and machine computations have raised a lot of hope since the recent success of supervised learning. Many practitioners in industries have been trying to switch from their old paradigms to machine learning. Interestingly,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-26 Vivien Cabannes

Contrastive learning has achieved remarkable success in learning effective representations, with supervised contrastive learning often outperforming self-supervised approaches. However, in real-world scenarios, data annotations are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zi-Hao Zhou , Jun-Jie Wang , Tong Wei , Min-Ling Zhang

The use of machine learning models in consequential decision making often exacerbates societal inequity, in particular yielding disparate impact on members of marginalized groups defined by race and gender. The area under the ROC curve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Zhenhuan Yang , Yan Lok Ko , Kush R. Varshney , Yiming Ying

Learning to detect real-world anomalous events through video-level labels is a challenging task due to the rare occurrence of anomalies as well as noise in the labels. In this work, we propose a weakly supervised anomaly detection method…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Muhammad Zaigham Zaheer , Arif Mahmood , Marcella Astrid , Seung-Ik Lee

Existing methods for large-scale point cloud semantic segmentation require expensive, tedious and error-prone manual point-wise annotations. Intuitively, weakly supervised training is a direct solution to reduce the cost of labeling.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Yachao Zhang , Zonghao Li , Yuan Xie , Yanyun Qu , Cuihua Li , Tao Mei

Consider a classification problem where we do not have access to labels for individual training examples, but only have average labels over subpopulations. We give practical examples of this setup and show how such a classification task can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-09-16 Stefan Wager , Alexander Blocker , Niall Cardin

Area under the ROC curve, a.k.a. AUC, is a measure of choice for assessing the performance of a classifier for imbalanced data. AUC maximization refers to a learning paradigm that learns a predictive model by directly maximizing its AUC…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Tianbao Yang , Yiming Ying

The literature has proposed various robust alternatives to empirical risk minimisation to address failure modes such as distribution shift, label noise and finite-sample degeneracies. Examples include distributionally robust optimization,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jonas Hanselle , Valentin Margraf , Clemens Damke , Eyke Hüllermeier