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Most current large language models (LLMs) support a wide variety of languages in addition to English, including high-resource languages (e.g. German, Chinese, French), as well as low-resource ones (e.g. Swahili, Telugu). In addition they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jan-Thorsten Peter , David Vilar , Tobias Domhan , Dan Malkin , Markus Freitag

Large language models (LLMs) are demonstrably capable of cross-lingual transfer, but can produce inconsistent output when prompted with the same queries written in different languages. To understand how language models are able to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zheng Wei Lim , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn

Probing techniques for large language models (LLMs) have primarily focused on English, overlooking the vast majority of the world's languages. In this paper, we extend these probing methods to a multilingual context, investigating the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Daoyang Li , Haiyan Zhao , Qingcheng Zeng , Mengnan Du

Despite the impressive advancements achieved through vision-and-language pretraining, it remains unclear whether this joint learning paradigm can help understand each individual modality. In this work, we conduct a comparative analysis of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zhuowan Li , Cihang Xie , Benjamin Van Durme , Alan Yuille

Prior research has investigated the impact of various linguistic features on cross-lingual transfer performance. In this study, we investigate the manner in which this effect can be mapped onto the representation space. While past studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Fred Philippy , Siwen Guo , Shohreh Haddadan

It is widely accepted that fine-tuning pre-trained language models usually brings about performance improvements in downstream tasks. However, there are limited studies on the reasons behind this effectiveness, particularly from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Sara Rajaee , Mohammad Taher Pilehvar

Current Neural Machine Translation (NMT) employs a language-specific encoder to represent the source sentence and adopts a language-specific decoder to generate target translation. This language-dependent design leads to large-scale network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-02 Long Zhou , Yuchen Liu , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong , Guoping Huang

Development of language proficiency models for non-native learners has been an active area of interest in NLP research for the past few years. Although language proficiency is multidimensional in nature, existing research typically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Taraka Rama , Sowmya Vajjala

Scaling existing applications and solutions to multiple human languages has traditionally proven to be difficult, mainly due to the language-dependent nature of preprocessing and feature engineering techniques employed in traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Xiaotong Liu , Yingbei Tong , Anbang Xu , Rama Akkiraju

We propose a novel scaling law for general-purpose decoder-only language models (LMs) trained on multilingual data, tackling the problem of balancing languages during multilingual pretraining. A primary challenge in studying multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yifei He , Alon Benhaim , Barun Patra , Praneetha Vaddamanu , Sanchit Ahuja , Parul Chopra , Vishrav Chaudhary , Han Zhao , Xia Song

Based on large-scale pre-trained multilingual representations, recent cross-lingual transfer methods have achieved impressive transfer performances. However, the performance of target languages still lags far behind the source language. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Huiyun Yang , Huadong Chen , Hao Zhou , Lei Li

Approaches to improving multilingual language understanding often struggle with significant performance gaps between high-resource and low-resource languages. While there are efforts to align the languages in a single latent space to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Haeji Jung , Changdae Oh , Jooeon Kang , Jimin Sohn , Kyungwoo Song , Jinkyu Kim , David R. Mortensen

Multilingual neural machine translation models are trained to maximize the likelihood of a mix of examples drawn from multiple language pairs. The dominant inductive bias applied to these models is a shared vocabulary and a shared set of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Yong Cheng , Ankur Bapna , Orhan Firat , Yuan Cao , Pidong Wang , Wolfgang Macherey

Multilingual large language models achieve impressive cross-lingual performance despite largely monolingual pretraining. While bilingual data in pretraining corpora is widely believed to enable these abilities, details of its contributions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jiandong Shao , Raphael Tang , Crystina Zhang , Karin Sevegnani , Pontus Stenetorp , Jianfei Yang , Yao Lu

Multilingual Neural Machine Translation (NMT) models have yielded large empirical success in transfer learning settings. However, these black-box representations are poorly understood, and their mode of transfer remains elusive. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Sneha Reddy Kudugunta , Ankur Bapna , Isaac Caswell , Naveen Arivazhagan , Orhan Firat

This paper illustrates our approach to the shared task on large-scale multilingual machine translation in the sixth conference on machine translation (WMT-21). This work aims to build a single multilingual translation system with a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Baohao Liao , Shahram Khadivi , Sanjika Hewavitharana

Multilingual language models are widely used to extend NLP systems to low-resource languages. However, concrete evidence for the effects of multilinguality on language modeling performance in individual languages remains scarce. Here, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Tyler A. Chang , Catherine Arnett , Zhuowen Tu , Benjamin K. Bergen

Recent language models have shown impressive multilingual performance, even when not explicitly trained for it. Despite this, there are concerns about the quality of their outputs across different languages. In this paper, we show how…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Aleksandar Petrov , Emanuele La Malfa , Philip H. S. Torr , Adel Bibi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated multilingual capabilities, yet they are mostly English-centric due to the imbalanced training corpora. While prior works have leveraged this bias to enhance multilingual performance through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chaoqun Liu , Wenxuan Zhang , Yiran Zhao , Anh Tuan Luu , Lidong Bing

In this paper we propose a model to learn multimodal multilingual representations for matching images and sentences in different languages, with the aim of advancing multilingual versions of image search and image understanding. Our model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Spandana Gella , Rico Sennrich , Frank Keller , Mirella Lapata