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Smart contracts are programs that manage digital assets according to a certain protocol, expressing for instance the rules of an auction. Understanding the possible behaviors of a smart contract is difficult, which complicates development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-07-23 Florentin Guth , Valentin Wüstholz , Maria Christakis , Peter Müller

Recent years have seen smart contracts are getting increasingly popular in building trustworthy decentralized applications. Previous research has proposed static and dynamic techniques to detect vulnerabilities in smart contracts. These…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Jiaming Ye , Mingliang Ma , Yun Lin , Lei Ma , Yinxing Xue , Jianjun Zhao

Despite the rapid growth of smart contracts, they are suffering numerous security vulnerabilities due to the absence of reliable development and testing. In this article, we apply the metamorphic testing technique to detect smart contract…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Jiahao Li

Smart contracts are important for digital finance, yet they are hard to patch once deployed. Prior work has mainly explored LLMs for smart contract vulnerability detection, leaving end-to-end automated exploit generation (AEG) much less…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 ZeKe Xiao , Qin Wang , Yuekang Li , Shiping Chen

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs running on the blockchain. They cannot be modified, even when bugs are detected. The Selfdestruct function is the only way to destroy a contract on the blockchain system and transfer all the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Jiachi Chen

Smart contracts are distributed, self-enforcing programs executing on top of blockchain networks. They have the potential to revolutionize many industries such as financial institutes and supply chains. However, smart contracts are subject…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun

Smart contract (SC) is an extension of BlockChain technology. Ethereum BlockChain was the first to incorporate SC and thus started a new era of crypto-currencies and electronic transactions. Solidity helps to program the SCs. Still, soon…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Zulfiqar Ali Khan , Akbar Siami Namin

Smart contracts on public blockchains now manage large amounts of value, and vulnerabilities in these systems can lead to substantial losses. As AI agents become more capable at reading, writing, and running code, it is natural to ask how…

In this paper, we explore remarkable similarities between multi-transactional behaviors of smart contracts in cryptocurrencies such as Ethereum and classical problems of shared-memory concurrency. We examine two real-world examples from the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Ilya Sergey , Aquinas Hobor

A smart Ponzi scheme is a new form of economic crime that uses Ethereum smart contract account and cryptocurrency to implement Ponzi scheme. The smart Ponzi scheme has harmed the interests of many investors, but researches on smart Ponzi…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Yuzhi Liang , Weijing Wu , Kai Lei , Feiyang Wang

Smart contracts are crucial elements of decentralized technologies, but they face significant obstacles to trustworthiness due to security bugs and trapdoors. To address the core issue, we propose a technology that enables programmers to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-19 Nikolaj Bjørner , Shuo Chen , Yang Chen , Zhongxin Guo , Peng Liu , Nanqing Luo

The blockchain constitutes a technology-based, rather than social or regulation based, means to lower uncertainty about one another in order to exchange value. However, its use may very well also lead to increased complexity resulting from…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-01-09 Henry Kim , Marek Laskowski

The immutable and trustable characteristics of blockchain enable smart contracts to be applied in various fields. Unfortunately, smart contracts are subject to various vulnerabilities, which are frequently exploited by attackers, causing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Haiyang Liu , Yuqi Fan , Lin Feng , Zhenchun Wei

Blockchains facilitate secure resource transactions through smart contracts, yet these digital agreements are prone to vulnerabilities, particularly when interacting with external contracts, leading to substantial monetary losses.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Haojia Sun , Kunal Singh , Jan-Paul Ramos-Dávila , Jonathan Aldrich , Jenna DiVincenzo

Smart contracts are a major tool in Ethereum transactions. Therefore hackers can exploit them by adding code vulnerabilities to their sources and using these vulnerabilities for performing malicious transactions. This paper presents two…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Natan Katz

Ethereum smart contracts are automated decentralized applications on the blockchain that describe the terms of the agreement between buyers and sellers, reducing the need for trusted intermediaries and arbitration. However, the deployment…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Oliver Lutz , Huili Chen , Hossein Fereidooni , Christoph Sendner , Alexandra Dmitrienko , Ahmad Reza Sadeghi , Farinaz Koushanfar

Blockchain programs (also known as smart contracts) manage valuable assets like cryptocurrencies and tokens, and implement protocols in domains like decentralized finance (DeFi) and supply-chain management. These types of applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

We propose a novel framework for off-chain execution and verification of computationally-intensive smart contracts. Our framework is the first solution that avoids duplication of computing effort across multiple contractors, does not…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Emrah Sariboz , Kartick Kolachala , Gaurav Panwar , Roopa Vishwanathan , Satyajayant Misra

Decentralized cryptocurrencies feature the use of blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. Smart contracts are programs running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people make…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Bo Jiang , Ye Liu , W. K. Chan

Smart Contracts (SCs) are programs stored in a Blockchain to ensure agreements between two or more parties. Due to the unchangeable essence of Blockchain, failures or errors in SCs become perpetual once published. The reliability of SCs is…