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Neural networks are becoming increasingly prevalent in software, and it is therefore important to be able to verify their behavior. Because verifying the correctness of neural networks is extremely challenging, it is common to focus on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-19 Ravi Mangal , Aditya V. Nori , Alessandro Orso

With the increasing capabilities of large language models (LLMs), these high-performance models have achieved state-of-the-art results on a wide range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, the models' performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Guanting Dong , Jinxu Zhao , Tingfeng Hui , Daichi Guo , Wenlong Wan , Boqi Feng , Yueyan Qiu , Zhuoma Gongque , Keqing He , Zechen Wang , Weiran Xu

Recent years have witnessed the rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) and their expanding applications, leading to soaring demands for computational resources. The widespread adoption of test-time scaling further intensifies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Cheng Yuan , Jiawei Shao , Xuelong Li

In-context learning (ICL) has emerged as a successful paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs). However, it often struggles to generalize beyond the distribution of the provided demonstrations. A recent advancement in enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Ukyo Honda , Tatsushi Oka

Large language models have demonstrated impressive retrieval-augmented capabilities. However, a crucial area remains underexplored: their ability to appropriately adapt responses to the certainty of the retrieved information. It is a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Behzad Shayegh , Mohamed Osama Ahmed , Fred Tung , Leo Feng

This paper proposes a strategy to assess the robustness of different machine learning models that involve natural language processing (NLP). The overall approach relies upon a Search and Semantically Replace strategy that consists of two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Rahul Singh , Karan Jindal , Yufei Yu , Hanyu Yang , Tarun Joshi , Matthew A. Campbell , Wayne B. Shoumaker

Revealing the robustness issues of natural language processing models and improving their robustness is important to their performance under difficult situations. In this paper, we study the robustness of paraphrase identification models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Zhouxing Shi , Minlie Huang

Neural networks achieve outstanding accuracy in classification and regression tasks. However, understanding their behavior still remains an open challenge that requires questions to be addressed on the robustness, explainability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-13 Anna-Kathrin Kopetzki , Stephan Günnemann

Despite impressive performance on standard benchmarks, deep neural networks are often brittle when deployed in real-world systems. Consequently, recent research has focused on testing the robustness of such models, resulting in a diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Karan Goel , Nazneen Rajani , Jesse Vig , Samson Tan , Jason Wu , Stephan Zheng , Caiming Xiong , Mohit Bansal , Christopher Ré

With the extensive use of vision-language models in various downstream tasks, evaluating their robustness is crucial. In this paper, we propose a benchmark for assessing the robustness of vision-language models. We believe that a robust…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Seulki Park , Daeho Um , Hajung Yoon , Sanghyuk Chun , Sangdoo Yun , Jin Young Choi

In recent years, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have achieved significant breakthroughs, enhancing understanding across text and vision. However, current MLLMs still face challenges in effectively integrating knowledge across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Boyu Jia , Junzhe Zhang , Huixuan Zhang , Xiaojun Wan

Pre-trained language models achieve outstanding performance in NLP tasks. Various knowledge distillation methods have been proposed to reduce the heavy computation and storage requirements of pre-trained language models. However, from our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Xin Guo , Jianlei Yang , Haoyi Zhou , Xucheng Ye , Jianxin Li

Large Language Models have emerged as prime candidates to tackle misinformation mitigation. However, existing approaches struggle with hallucinations and overconfident predictions. We propose an uncertainty quantification framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Mauricio Rivera , Jean-François Godbout , Reihaneh Rabbany , Kellin Pelrine

It is always demanding to learn robust visual representation for various learning problems; however, this learning and maintenance process usually suffers from noise, incompleteness or knowledge domain mismatch. Thus, robust representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Zhengming Ding , Ming Shao , Handong Zhao , Sheng Li

Language models (LMs) have already demonstrated remarkable abilities in understanding and generating both natural and formal language. Despite these advances, their integration with real-world environments such as large-scale knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Yiheng Shu , Zhiwei Yu

Existing studies have demonstrated that adversarial examples can be directly attributed to the presence of non-robust features, which are highly predictive, but can be easily manipulated by adversaries to fool NLP models. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Cenyuan Zhang , Xiang Zhou , Yixin Wan , Xiaoqing Zheng , Kai-Wei Chang , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Recent work has focused on compressing pre-trained language models (PLMs) like BERT where the major focus has been to improve the in-distribution performance for downstream tasks. However, very few of these studies have analyzed the impact…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Mengnan Du , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Yu Cheng , Milad Shokouhi , Xia Hu , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Although machine learning models typically experience a drop in performance on out-of-distribution data, accuracies on in- versus out-of-distribution data are widely observed to follow a single linear trend when evaluated across a testbed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Anders Andreassen , Yasaman Bahri , Behnam Neyshabur , Rebecca Roelofs

Learning intents and slot labels from user utterances is a fundamental step in all spoken language understanding (SLU) and dialog systems. State-of-the-art neural network based methods, after deployment, often suffer from performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-19 Avik Ray , Yilin Shen , Hongxia Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) effectiveness is usually evaluated by means of benchmarks such as MMLU, ARC-C, or HellaSwag, where questions are presented in their original wording, thus in a fixed, standardized format. However, real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Riccardo Lunardi , Vincenzo Della Mea , Stefano Mizzaro , Kevin Roitero