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Text embedding models serve as a fundamental component in real-world search applications. By mapping queries and documents into a shared embedding space, they deliver competitive retrieval performance with high efficiency. However, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Qi Liu , Yanzhao Zhang , Mingxin Li , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Jiaxin Mao

Machine learning algorithms are optimized to model statistical properties of the training data. If the input data reflects stereotypes and biases of the broader society, then the output of the learning algorithm also captures these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-06-21 Tolga Bolukbasi , Kai-Wei Chang , James Zou , Venkatesh Saligrama , Adam Kalai

Recommender systems widely use implicit feedback such as click data because of its general availability. Although the presence of clicks signals the users' preference to some extent, the lack of such clicks does not necessarily indicate a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-16 Yuta Saito , Suguru Yaginuma , Yuta Nishino , Hayato Sakata , Kazuhide Nakata

Most existing unbiased learning-to-rank (ULTR) approaches are based on the user examination hypothesis, which assumes that users will click a result only if it is both relevant and observed (typically modeled by position). However, in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Lulu Yu , Keping Bi , Jiafeng Guo , Shihao Liu , Dawei Yin , Xueqi Cheng

Neural approaches to learning term embeddings have led to improved computation of similarity and ranking in information retrieval (IR). So far neural representation learning has not been extended to meta-textual information that is readily…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Toshitaka Kuwa , Shigehiko Schamoni , Stefan Riezler

Besides position bias, which has been well-studied, trust bias is another type of bias prevalent in user interactions with rankings: users are more likely to click incorrectly w.r.t. their preferences on highly ranked items because they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Ali Vardasbi , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Position embeddings, encoding the positional relationships among tokens in text sequences, make great contributions to modeling local context features in Transformer-based pre-trained language models. However, in Extractive Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Mingxu Tao , Yansong Feng , Dongyan Zhao

Accurate estimates of examination bias are crucial for unbiased learning-to-rank from implicit feedback in search engines and recommender systems, since they enable the use of Inverse Propensity Score (IPS) weighting techniques to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Zhichong Fang , Aman Agarwal , Thorsten Joachims

Latent space models are widely used for analyzing high-dimensional discrete data matrices, such as patient-feature matrices in electronic health records (EHRs), by capturing complex dependence structures through low-dimensional embeddings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Weijing Tang , Ming Yuan , Zongqi Xia , Tianxi Cai

This paper explores an improved Adaboost algorithm based on Long Short-Term Memory Networks (LSTMs), which aims to improve the prediction accuracy of user clicks on web page advertisements. By comparing it with several common machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Qixuan Yu , Xirui Tang , Feiyang Li , Zinan Cao

Learning to Rank has traditionally considered settings where given the relevance information of objects, the desired order in which to rank the objects is clear. However, with today's large variety of users and layouts this is not always…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Item categorization is a machine learning task which aims at classifying e-commerce items, typically represented by textual attributes, to their most suitable category from a predefined set of categories. An accurate item categorization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Yonatan Hadar , Erez Shmueli

Learning with noisy labels aims to ensure model generalization given a label-corrupted training set. The sample selection strategy achieves promising performance by selecting a label-reliable subset for model training. In this paper, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Qi Wei , Lei Feng , Haobo Wang , Bo An

Modern web-based platforms show ranked lists of recommendations to users, attempting to maximise user satisfaction or business metrics. Typically, the goal of such systems boils down to maximising the exposure probability for items that are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Olivier Jeunen

The page presentation biases in the information retrieval system, especially on the click behavior, is a well-known challenge that hinders improving ranking models' performance with implicit user feedback. Unbiased Learning to Rank~(ULTR)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Haitao Mao , Lixin Zou , Yujia Zheng , Jiliang Tang , Xiaokai Chu , Jiashu Zhao , Qian Wang , Dawei Yin

Discovering the intended items of user queries from a massive repository of items is one of the main goals of an e-commerce search system. Relevance prediction is essential to the search system since it helps improve performance. When…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Jiong Cai , Yong Jiang , Yue Zhang , Chengyue Jiang , Ke Yu , Jianhui Ji , Rong Xiao , Haihong Tang , Tao Wang , Zhongqiang Huang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Kewei Tu

Adobe Express is expanding internationally, but the US has a disproportionately large content supply and interaction volume. Learning-to-rank (LTR) models trained primarily on behavioral feedback inherit this imbalance: templates popular in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Suryaa Veerabathiran Seran , Ashwin Naresh Kumar , Tracy Holloway King , Jing Zheng

Recent advances in unbiased learning to rank (LTR) count on Inverse Propensity Scoring (IPS) to eliminate bias in implicit feedback. Though theoretically sound in correcting the bias introduced by treating clicked documents as relevant, IPS…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Nan Wang , Zhen Qin , Xuanhui Wang , Hongning Wang

Learning-based low rank approximation algorithms can significantly improve the performance of randomized low rank approximation with sketch matrix. With the learned value and fixed non-zero positions for sketch matrices from learning-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Tiejin Chen , Yicheng Tao

Recently, neural models for information retrieval are becoming increasingly popular. They provide effective approaches for product search due to their competitive advantages in semantic matching. However, it is challenging to use…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Yuan Zhang , Dong Wang , Yan Zhang