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Large Language Models (LLMs) represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, finding applications across various domains. However, their reliance on massive internet-sourced datasets for training brings notable privacy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Michele Miranda , Elena Sofia Ruzzetti , Andrea Santilli , Fabio Massimo Zanzotto , Sébastien Bratières , Emanuele Rodolà

The ever-growing big data and emerging artificial intelligence (AI) demand the use of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods. Cybersecurity also benefits from ML and DL methods for various types of applications. These methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Arif Siddiqi

Rapid advances in AI are beginning to reshape national security. Destabilizing AI developments could rupture the balance of power and raise the odds of great-power conflict, while widespread proliferation of capable AI hackers and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Dan Hendrycks , Eric Schmidt , Alexandr Wang

Machine learning (ML) is increasingly being deployed in critical systems. The data dependence of ML makes securing data used to train and test ML-enabled systems of utmost importance. While the field of cybersecurity has well-established…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Padmaksha Roy , Jaganmohan Chandrasekaran , Erin Lanus , Laura Freeman , Jeremy Werner

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors and institutions, including education and healthcare. Although AI offers immense potential for innovation and problem solving, its integration also raises significant ethical…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-12-05 William Franz Lamberti

The success and wide adoption of generative AI (GenAI), particularly large language models (LLMs), has attracted the attention of cybercriminals seeking to abuse models, steal sensitive data, or disrupt services. Moreover, providing…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has been advancing at a fast pace and it is now poised for deployment in a wide range of applications, such as autonomous systems, medical diagnosis and natural language processing. Early adoption of AI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Marta Kwiatkowska , Xiyue Zhang

This paper investigates the emerging challenges posed by the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the military domain, particularly within the context of United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 (UNSCR 1540), which seeks to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Clara Punzi

The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) has profoundly impacted human society, driving significant advancements in multiple sectors. AGI, distinguished by its ability to execute diverse real-world tasks with efficiency and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Tao Feng , Chuanyang Jin , Jingyu Liu , Kunlun Zhu , Haoqin Tu , Zirui Cheng , Guanyu Lin , Jiaxuan You

Military weapon systems and command-and-control infrastructure augmented by artificial intelligence (AI) have seen rapid development and deployment in recent years. However, the sociotechnical impacts of AI on combat systems, military…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Riley Simmons-Edler , Jean Dong , Paul Lushenko , Kanaka Rajan , Ryan P. Badman

Heterogeneous hardware and dynamic workloads worsen long-standing OS bottlenecks in scalability, adaptability, and manageability. At the same time, advances in machine learning (ML), large language models (LLMs), and agent-based methods…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Yifan Zhang , Xinkui Zhao , Ziying Li , Guanjie Cheng , Jianwei Yin , Lufei Zhang , Zuoning Chen

The use of Large Language Models (LLM) by providers of cybersecurity and digital infrastructures of all kinds is an ongoing development. It is suggested and on an experimental basis used to write the code for the systems, and potentially…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Kaspar Rosager Ludvigsen

This survey presents a comprehensive review of current literature on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods for cyber security applications. Due to the rapid development of Internet-connected systems and Artificial Intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Zhibo Zhang , Hussam Al Hamadi , Ernesto Damiani , Chan Yeob Yeun , Fatma Taher

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) to solve cybersecurity problems has been gaining traction within industry and academia, in part as a response to widespread malware attacks on critical systems, such as cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Maanak Gupta , Sudip Mittal , Mahmoud Abdelsalam

The rapid development and deployment of large language models (LLMs) have introduced a new frontier in artificial intelligence, marked by unprecedented capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. However, the increasing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Dan Shi , Tianhao Shen , Yufei Huang , Zhigen Li , Yongqi Leng , Renren Jin , Chuang Liu , Xinwei Wu , Zishan Guo , Linhao Yu , Ling Shi , Bojian Jiang , Deyi Xiong

Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping strategic planning, with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) enabling coordination among autonomous agents in complex scenarios. However, its practical deployment in sensitive military…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ardian Selmonaj , Alessandro Antonucci , Adrian Schneider , Michael Rüegsegger , Matthias Sommer

We review key considerations, practices, and areas for future work aimed at the responsible development and fielding of AI technologies. We describe critical challenges and make recommendations on topics that should be given priority…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Eric Horvitz , Jessica Young , Rama G. Elluru , Chuck Howell

Risk thresholds provide a measure of the level of risk exposure that a society or individual is willing to withstand, ultimately shaping how we determine the safety of technological systems. Against the backdrop of the Cold War, the first…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Heidy Khlaaf , Sarah Myers West

Security Operations Centers (SOCs) face growing challenges in managing cybersecurity threats due to an overwhelming volume of alerts, a shortage of skilled analysts, and poorly integrated tools. Human-AI collaboration offers a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Massimiliano Albanese , Xinming Ou , Kevin Lybarger , Daniel Lende , Dmitry Goldgof

The impact of designing for security of AI is critical for humanity in the AI era. With humans increasingly becoming dependent upon AI, there is a need for neural networks that work reliably, inspite of Adversarial attacks. The vision for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Rajagopal. A , Nirmala. V