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Search engines rely heavily on term-based approaches that represent queries and documents as bags of words. Text---a document or a query---is represented by a bag of its words that ignores grammar and word order, but retains word frequency…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-17 Christophe Van Gysel

This paper challenges a cross-genre document retrieval task, where the queries are in formal writing and the target documents are in conversational writing. In this task, a query, is a sentence extracted from either a summary or a plot of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-17 Tomasz Jurczyk , Jinho D. Choi

Information retrieval (IR) for precision medicine (PM) often involves looking for multiple pieces of evidence that characterize a patient case. This typically includes at least the name of a condition and a genetic variation that applies to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Jiho Noh , Ramakanth Kavuluru

Document retrieval techniques are essential for developing large-scale information systems. The common approach involves using a bi-encoder to compute the semantic similarity between a query and documents. However, the scalar similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Haoyu Liu , Shaohan Huang , Jianfeng Liu , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Feng Sun , Furu Wei , Qi Zhang

Passage reranking is a critical task in various applications, particularly when dealing with large volumes of documents. Existing neural architectures have limitations in retrieving the most relevant passage for a given question because the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Hongyin Zhu

Pre-trained contextual language models such as BERT, GPT, and XLnet work quite well for document retrieval tasks. Such models are fine-tuned based on the query-document/query-passage level relevance labels to capture the ranking signals.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Koustav Rudra , Zeon Trevor Fernando , Avishek Anand

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enables Large Language Models (LLMs) to extend their existing knowledge by dynamically incorporating external information. However, practical deployment is fundamentally constrained by the LLM's finite…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jiarui Guo , Yuemeng Xu , Zongwei Lv , Yangyujia Wang , Xiaolin Wang , Kan Liu , Tao Lan , Lin Qu , Tong Yang

Data availability limits the scope of any given task. In machine translation, historical models were incapable of handling longer contexts, so the lack of document-level datasets was less noticeable. Now, despite the emergence of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Rachel Wicks , Matt Post , Philipp Koehn

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems critically depend on retrieval quality, yet no systematic comparison of modern retrieval methods exists for heterogeneous documents containing both text and tabular data. We benchmark ten…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Meftun Akarsu , Recep Kaan Karaman , Christopher Mierbach

The most important obstacles facing multi-document summarization include excessive redundancy in source descriptions and the looming shortage of training data. These obstacles prevent encoder-decoder models from being used directly, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Sangwoo Cho , Logan Lebanoff , Hassan Foroosh , Fei Liu

Document translation poses a challenge for Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems. Most document-level NMT systems rely on meticulously curated sentence-level parallel data, assuming flawless extraction of text from documents along with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Benjamin Hsu , Xiaoyu Liu , Huayang Li , Yoshinari Fujinuma , Maria Nadejde , Xing Niu , Yair Kittenplon , Ron Litman , Raghavendra Pappagari

In text-audio retrieval (TAR) tasks, due to the heterogeneity of contents between text and audio, the semantic information contained in the text is only similar to certain frames within the audio. Yet, existing works aggregate the entire…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Yifei Xin , Dongchao Yang , Yuexian Zou

Reranking algorithms have made progress in improving document retrieval quality by efficiently aggregating relevance judgments generated by large language models (LLMs). However, identifying relevant documents for queries that require…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Cheng Niu , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Dense retrieval systems increasingly need to handle complex queries. In many realistic settings, users express intent through long instructions or task-specific descriptions, while target documents remain relatively simple and static. This…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Seiji Maekawa , Moin Aminnaseri , Pouya Pezeshkpour , Estevam Hruschka

Based on an exponentially increasing number of academic articles, discovering and citing comprehensive and appropriate resources has become a non-trivial task. Conventional citation recommender methods suffer from severe information loss.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Yang Zhang , Qiang Ma

Evaluating whether Multimodal Large Language Models can produce trustworthy, verifiable reasoning over long, visually rich documents requires evaluation beyond end-to-end answer accuracy. We introduce DocScope, a benchmark that formulates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Xiang Feng , Jiawei Zhou , Zhangfeng Huang , Kewei Wang , Shanshan Ye , Jinxin Hu , Zulong Chen , Yong Luo , Jing Zhang

Traditional retrieval methods have been essential for assessing document similarity but struggle with capturing semantic nuances. Despite advancements in latent semantic analysis (LSA) and deep learning, achieving comprehensive semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Solmaz Seyed Monir , Irene Lau , Shubing Yang , Dongfang Zhao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems depend on the geometric properties of vector representations to retrieve contextually appropriate evidence. When source documents interleave multiple topics within contiguous text, standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nick Loghmani

Generative retrieval constitutes an innovative approach in information retrieval, leveraging generative language models (LM) to generate a ranked list of document identifiers (docid) for a given query. It simplifies the retrieval pipeline…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Penghao Lu , Xin Dong , Yuansheng Zhou , Lei Cheng , Chuan Yuan , Linjian Mo

Vocabulary mismatch is a central problem in information retrieval (IR), i.e., the relevant documents may not contain the same (symbolic) terms of the query. Recently, neural representations have shown great success in capturing semantic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Yan Xiao , Jiafeng Guo , Yixing Fan , Yanyan Lan , Jun Xu , Xueqi Cheng