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Hierarchical Text Classification (HTC) aims to assign texts to structured label hierarchies; however, it faces challenges due to data scarcity and model complexity. This study explores the feasibility of using black box Large Language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Kosuke Yoshimura , Hisashi Kashima

Going beyond mere fine-tuning of vision-language models (VLMs), learnable prompt tuning has emerged as a promising, resource-efficient alternative. Despite their potential, effectively learning prompts faces the following challenges: (i)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Hari Chandana Kuchibhotla , Sai Srinivas Kancheti , Abbavaram Gowtham Reddy , Vineeth N Balasubramanian

Few-shot Learning aims to learn and distinguish new categories with a very limited number of available images, presenting a significant challenge in the realm of deep learning. Recent researchers have sought to leverage the additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Chunpeng Zhou , Haishuai Wang , Xilu Yuan , Zhi Yu , Jiajun Bu

Few-shot prompting and step-by-step reasoning have enhanced the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in tackling complex tasks including code generation. In this paper, we introduce a prompt selection and augmentation algorithm…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-21 On Tai Wu , Frodo Kin Sun Chan , Zunhao Zhang , Yan Nei Law , Benny Drescher , Edmond Shiao Bun Lai

With the continuous development of pre-trained language models, prompt-based training becomes a well-adopted paradigm that drastically improves the exploitation of models for many natural language processing tasks. Prompting also shows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Quang Anh Nguyen , Nadi Tomeh , Mustapha Lebbah , Thierry Charnois , Hanene Azzag , Santiago Cordoba Muñoz

Assessing learners in ill-defined domains, such as scenario-based human tutoring training, is an area of limited research. Equity training requires a nuanced understanding of context, but do contemporary large language models (LLMs) have a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Sanjit Kakarla , Conrad Borchers , Danielle Thomas , Shambhavi Bhushan , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Abbreviation expansion is a strategy used to speed up communication by limiting the amount of typing and using a language model to suggest expansions. Here we look at personalizing a Large Language Model's (LLM) suggestions based on prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Katrin Tomanek , Shanqing Cai , Subhashini Venugopalan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, including language understanding, reasoning, and generation. However, general-domain LLMs often struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Sorouralsadat Fatemi , Yuheng Hu , Maryam Mousavi

Few-shot classification (FSC) is a fundamental yet challenging task in computer vision that involves recognizing novel classes from limited data. While previous methods have focused on enhancing visual features or incorporating additional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Fan Liu , Wenwen Cai , Jian Huo , Chuanyi Zhang , Delong Chen , Jun Zhou

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has boosted the use of Few-Shot Learning (FSL) methods in natural language processing, achieving acceptable performance even when working with limited training data. The goal of FSL is to effectively…

Standard Full-Data classifiers in NLP demand thousands of labeled examples, which is impractical in data-limited domains. Few-shot methods offer an alternative, utilizing contrastive learning techniques that can be effective with as little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Lefteris Loukas , Ilias Stogiannidis , Odysseas Diamantopoulos , Prodromos Malakasiotis , Stavros Vassos

Pretrained language models have improved zero-shot text classification by allowing the transfer of semantic knowledge from the training data in order to classify among specific label sets in downstream tasks. We propose a simple way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lingyu Gao , Debanjan Ghosh , Kevin Gimpel

This paper explores the use of large language models (LLMs), here represented by GPT 3.5-Turbo to perform coding for a thematic analysis. Coding is highly labor intensive, making it infeasible for most researchers to conduct exhaustive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Samuel Flanders , Melati Nungsari , Mark Cheong Wing Loong

In recent years, there has been significant progress in developing pre-trained language models for NLP. However, these models often struggle when fine-tuned on small datasets. To address this issue, researchers have proposed various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Amirhossein Abaskohi , Sascha Rothe , Yadollah Yaghoobzadeh

Tutoring is an effective instructional method for enhancing student learning, yet its success relies on the skill and experience of the tutors. This reliance presents challenges for the widespread implementation of tutoring, particularly in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chentianye Xu , Jionghao Lin , Tongshuang Wu , Vincent Aleven , Kenneth R. Koedinger

Data augmentation has been an important ingredient for boosting performances of learned models. Prior data augmentation methods for few-shot text classification have led to great performance boosts. However, they have not been designed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Hazel Kim , Daecheol Woo , Seong Joon Oh , Jeong-Won Cha , Yo-Sub Han

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly advanced the field of automated code generation. LLMs rely on large and diverse datasets to learn syntax, semantics, and usage patterns of programming languages. For low-resource…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Alessandro Giagnorio , Alberto Martin-Lopez , Gabriele Bavota

Large language models (LLMs) have been effectively used for many computer vision tasks, including image classification. In this paper, we present a simple yet effective approach for zero-shot image classification using multimodal LLMs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Abdelrahman Abdelhamed , Mahmoud Afifi , Alec Go

Black-box tuning is an emerging paradigm for adapting large language models (LLMs) to better achieve desired behaviors, particularly when direct access to model parameters is unavailable. Current strategies, however, often present a dilemma…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zhikang Xie , Weilin Wan , Peizhu Gong , Weizhong Zhang , Cheng Jin

Large language models (LLMs) have been proposed as scalable tools to address the gap between the importance of individualized written feedback and the practical challenges of providing it at scale. However, concerns persist regarding the…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2025-11-12 Niklas Ippisch , Markus Herklotz , Anna-Carolina Haensch , Carsten Schwemmer