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The rapid development of the Internet has profoundly changed human life. Humans are increasingly expressing themselves and interacting with others on social media platforms. However, although artificial intelligence technology has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Haochen Xue , Chong Zhang , Chengzhi Liu , Fangyu Wu , Xiaobo Jin

Hate speech is harmful content that directly attacks or promotes hatred against members of groups or individuals based on actual or perceived aspects of identity, such as racism, religion, or sexual orientation. This can affect social life…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Arijit Das , Somashree Nandy , Rupam Saha , Srijan Das , Diganta Saha

Approaches for mitigating bias in supervised models are designed to reduce models' dependence on specific sensitive features of the input data, e.g., mentioned social groups. However, in the case of hate speech detection, it is not always…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Aida Mostafazadeh Davani , Ali Omrani , Brendan Kennedy , Mohammad Atari , Xiang Ren , Morteza Dehghani

Counterspeech has gained attention as a strategy to reduce hate speech on social media. Although previous studies suggest that counterspeech can reduce hate speech, little is known about its effects on participation in online hate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Daniel Hickey , Matheus Schmitz , Daniel M. T. Fessler , Paul E. Smaldino , Kristina Lerman , Goran Murić , Keith Burghardt

The intentional creation and spread of disinformation poses a significant threat to public discourse. However, existing English datasets and research rarely address the intentionality behind the disinformation. This work presents MALINT,…

Sentiment analysis for the Bengali language has attracted increasing research interest in recent years. However, progress remains constrained by the scarcity of large-scale and diverse annotated datasets. Although several Bengali sentiment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Akif Islam , Sujan Kumar Roy , Md. Ekramul Hamid

Online hate speech is an important issue that breaks the cohesiveness of online social communities and even raises public safety concerns in our societies. Motivated by this rising issue, researchers have developed many traditional machine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Rui Cao , Roy Ka-Wei Lee , Tuan-Anh Hoang

The automatic identification of offensive language such as hate speech is important to keep discussions civil in online communities. Identifying hate speech in multimodal content is a particularly challenging task because offensiveness can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Amrita Ganguly , Al Nahian Bin Emran , Sadiya Sayara Chowdhury Puspo , Md Nishat Raihan , Dhiman Goswami , Marcos Zampieri

Emotion and intent recognition from speech is essential and has been widely investigated in human-computer interaction. The rapid development of social media platforms, chatbots, and other technologies has led to a large volume of speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Zhao Ren , Rathi Adarshi Rammohan , Kevin Scheck , Sheng Li , Tanja Schultz

In this paper, we focus on generating training examples for few-shot intents in the realistic imbalanced scenario. To build connections between existing many-shot intents and few-shot intents, we consider an intent as a combination of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Congying Xia , Caiming Xiong , Philip Yu , Richard Socher

Hate speech on social media is a growing concern, and automated methods have so far been sub-par at reliably detecting it. A major challenge lies in the potentially evasive nature of hate speech due to the ambiguity and fast evolution of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-17 Maximilian Kupi , Michael Bodnar , Nikolas Schmidt , Carlos Eduardo Posada

Hate speech detection in Devanagari-scripted social media memes presents compounded challenges: multimodal content structure, script-specific linguistic complexity, and extreme data scarcity in low-resource settings. This paper presents our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Samir Wagle , Reewaj Khanal , Abiral Adhikari

Hate speech is a severe issue that affects many online platforms. So far, several studies have been performed to develop robust hate speech detection systems. Large language models like ChatGPT have recently shown a great promise in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-24 Mithun Das , Saurabh Kumar Pandey , Animesh Mukherjee

Detecting hateful content in multimodal memes presents unique challenges, as harmful messages often emerge from the complex interplay between benign images and text. We propose GatedCLIP, a Vision-Language model that enhances CLIP's…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yingying Guo , Ke Zhang , Zirong Zeng

Counterfactual explanations (CFs) provide human-interpretable insights into model's predictions by identifying minimal changes to input features that would alter the model's output. However, existing methods struggle to generate multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Oleksii Furman , Patryk Marszałek , Jan Masłowski , Piotr Gaiński , Maciej Zięba , Marek Śmieja

While memes are often humorous, they are frequently used to disseminate hate, causing serious harm to individuals and society. Current approaches to hateful meme detection mainly rely on pre-trained language models. However, less focus has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Weibin Cai , Jiayu Li , Reza Zafarani

This work proposes a contextualised detection framework for implicitly hateful speech, implemented as a multi-agent system comprising a central Moderator Agent and dynamically constructed Community Agents representing specific demographic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Ewelina Gajewska , Katarzyna Budzynska , Jarosław A Chudziak

In hate speech detection, developing training and evaluation datasets across various domains is the critical issue. Whereas, major approaches crawl social media texts and hire crowd-workers to annotate the data. Following this convention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Kichang Yang , Wonjun Jang , Won Ik Cho

Conversational assistants are being progressively adopted by the general population. However, they are not capable of handling complicated information-seeking tasks that involve multiple turns of information exchange. Due to the limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-14 Chen Qu , Liu Yang , Bruce Croft , Yongfeng Zhang , Johanne R. Trippas , Minghui Qiu

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter