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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as sources of information, yet their reliability depends on the ability to search the web, select relevant evidence, and synthesize complete answers. While recent benchmarks evaluate…

Analogies test a model's ability to infer implicit relationships between concepts, making them a key benchmark for evaluating reasoning capabilities. While large language models (LLMs) are widely evaluated for reasoning in English, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Ashray Gupta , Rohan Joseph , Sunny Rai

Existing multilingual long-context benchmarks, often based on the popular needle-in-a-haystack test, primarily evaluate a model's ability to locate specific information buried within irrelevant texts. However, such a retrieval-centric…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Amey Hengle , Prasoon Bajpai , Soham Dan , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive prowess in solving a wide range of tasks with world knowledge. However, it remains unclear how well LLMs are able to perceive their factual knowledge boundaries, particularly under…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Ruiyang Ren , Yuhao Wang , Yingqi Qu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jing Liu , Hao Tian , Hua Wu , Ji-Rong Wen , Haifeng Wang

Recent work has suggested that language models (LMs) store both common-sense and factual knowledge learned from pre-training data. In this paper, we leverage this implicit knowledge to create an effective end-to-end fact checker using a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Nayeon Lee , Belinda Z. Li , Sinong Wang , Wen-tau Yih , Hao Ma , Madian Khabsa

Pre-trained language models (LMs) encode rich information about linguistic structure but their knowledge about lexical polysemy remains unclear. We propose a novel experimental setup for analysing this knowledge in LMs specifically trained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Aina Garí Soler , Marianna Apidianaki

Multilingual benchmarks guide the development of frontier models. Yet multilingual evaluations reported by frontier models are structured similar to popular reasoning and knowledge benchmarks, but across many languages. We show such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ronald Skorobogat , Ameya Prabhu , Matthias Bethge

Pretrained language models have been suggested as a possible alternative or complement to structured knowledge bases. However, this emerging LM-as-KB paradigm has so far only been considered in a very limited setting, which only allows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-23 Benjamin Heinzerling , Kentaro Inui

LLMs are routinely evaluated on language use, yet their explicit knowledge about linguistic structure remains poorly understood. Existing linguistic benchmarks focus on narrow phenomena, emphasize high-resource languages, and rarely test…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Tjaša Arčon , Matej Klemen , Marko Robnik-Šikonja , Kaja Dobrovoljc

Emotions are experienced and expressed differently across the world. In order to use Large Language Models (LMs) for multilingual tasks that require emotional sensitivity, LMs must reflect this cultural variation in emotion. In this study,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Shreya Havaldar , Sunny Rai , Bhumika Singhal , Langchen Liu , Sharath Chandra Guntuku , Lyle Ungar

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) showcase varied multilingual capabilities across tasks like translation, code generation, and reasoning. Previous assessments often limited their scope to fundamental natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Yidan Zhang , Yu Wan , Boyi Deng , Baosong Yang , Haoran Wei , Fei Huang , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

Large language models (LLMs) are typically multilingual due to pretraining on diverse multilingual corpora. But can these models relate corresponding concepts across languages, i.e., be crosslingual? This study evaluates state-of-the-art…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Lynn Chua , Badih Ghazi , Yangsibo Huang , Pritish Kamath , Ravi Kumar , Pasin Manurangsi , Amer Sinha , Chulin Xie , Chiyuan Zhang

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various natural language processing tasks by acquiring rich factual knowledge from their broad training data, their ability to synthesize and logically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Tianshi Zheng , Jiaxin Bai , Yicheng Wang , Tianqing Fang , Yue Guo , Yauwai Yim , Yangqiu Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit extensive knowledge about the world, but most evaluations have been limited to global or anglocentric subjects. This raises the question of how well these models perform on topics relevant to other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Julen Etxaniz , Gorka Azkune , Aitor Soroa , Oier Lopez de Lacalle , Mikel Artetxe

Large Language Models have been shown to contain extensive world knowledge in their parameters, enabling impressive performance on many knowledge intensive tasks. However, when deployed in novel settings, LLMs often encounter situations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Khurram Yamin , Gaurav Ghosal , Bryan Wilder

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong capabilities across various tasks, they exhibit significant performance discrepancies across languages. While prompting LLMs in English typically yields the highest general…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andrew Ivan Soegeng , Patrick Sutanto , Tan Sang Nguyen

We introduce an extensive dataset for multilingual probing of morphological information in language models (247 tasks across 42 languages from 10 families), each consisting of a sentence with a target word and a morphological tag as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Judit Acs , Endre Hamerlik , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith , Andras Kornai

Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate promising translation performance among various natural languages. However, many LLMs especially the open-sourced ones, such as BLOOM and LLaMA, are English-dominant and support only dozens of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Wen Yang , Chong Li , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

The vast majority of today's large language models (LLMs) are English-centric, having been pretrained predominantly on English text. Yet, in order to meet user expectations, models need to be able to respond appropriately in multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Tannon Kew , Florian Schottmann , Rico Sennrich

While multilingual language models (MLMs) have been trained on 100+ languages, they are typically only evaluated across a handful of them due to a lack of available test data in most languages. This is particularly problematic when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rochelle Choenni , Sara Rajaee , Christof Monz , Ekaterina Shutova