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Recent development in quantum photonics allowed to start the process of bringing photonic-quantum-based systems out of the lab into real world applications. As an example, devices for the exchange of a cryptographic key secured by the law…

Low phase noise microwave oscillators are at the center of a multitude of applications that span the gamut of photonics and electronics. Within this space, optically-derived approaches to microwave frequency synthesis are particularly…

Integrated-photonics microchips now enable a range of advanced functionalities for high-coherence applications such as data transmission, highly optimized physical sensors, and harnessing quantum states, but with cost, efficiency, and…

Because they coherently link radio/microwave-rate electrical signals with optical-rate signals derived from lasers and atomic transitions, frequency combs are having a remarkably broad impact on science and technology. Integrating these…

Optics · Physics 2015-08-04 Xu Yi , Qi-Fan Yang , Ki Youl Yang , Myoung-Gyun Suh , Kerry Vahala

Optical generation of millimeter-waves (mm-wave) is made possible by an optical heterodyne of two diode lasers on a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode (UTC-PD). We utilized this technique to produce a mm-wave oscillator with desirable…

Optics · Physics 2022-05-16 James Greenberg , Rubab Amin , Brendan M. Heffernan , Antoine Rolland

Optical frequency division (OFD) provides the purest microwaves by down-converting the stability of optical cavity references. State-of-the-art references typically rely on electronic co-Pound-Drever-Hall locking to ultrahigh-Q…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-13 Runlin Miao , Chao Zhou , Pan Han , Mingxin Yang , Xing Zou , Ke Wei , Ke Yin , Tian Jiang

Microresonator-based Kerr frequency combs ("Kerr microcombs") constitute chip-scale frequency combs of broad spectral bandwidth and repetition rate ranging from gigahertz to terahertz. An appealing application exploiting microcombs'…

High-quality frequency references are the cornerstones in position, navigation and timing applications of both scientific and commercial domains. Optomechanical oscillators, with direct coupling to continuous-wave light and…

In recent years, miniaturization and integration of photonic microwave oscillators by optical frequency division approach have witnessed rapid progress. In this work, we report on-chip low phase noise photonic microwave generation based on…

Optics · Physics 2025-02-20 Long Cheng , Mengdi Zhao , Yang He , Yu Zhang , Roy Meade , Kerry Vahala , Mian Zhang , Jiang Li

Frequency combs represent exceptionally precise measurement tools due to the coherence of their spectral lines. While optical frequency comb sources constitute a well-established technology, superconducting circuits provide a relatively…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-12-12 Angelo Greco , Xavier Ballu , Francesco Giazotto , Alessandro Crippa

Optical frequency combs have revolutionized the field of frequency metrology within the last decade and have become enabling tools for atomic clocks, gas sensing and astrophysical spectrometer calibration. The rapidly increasing number of…

Optics · Physics 2015-11-30 P. Del'Haye , T. Herr , E. Gavartin , R. Holzwarth , T. J. Kippenberg

Conversion between signals in the microwave and optical domains is of great interest both for classical telecommunication, as well as for connecting future superconducting quantum computers into a global quantum network. For quantum…

We report what we believe to be the lowest phase noise optical-to-microwave frequency division using fiber-based femtosecond optical frequency combs: a residual phase noise of -120dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from a 11.55GHz carrier frequency. We…

Optics · Physics 2012-05-22 W. Zhang , Z. Xu , M. Lours , R. Boudot , Y. Kersale , A. N. Luiten , Y. Le Coq , G. Santarelli

Microwave photonic technologies, which upshift the carrier into the optical domain to facilitate the generation and processing of ultrawide-band electronic signals at vastly reduced fractional bandwidths, have the potential to achieve…

Robust and portable optical clocks promise to bring sub-picosecond timing instability to smaller form factors, offering possible performance improvements and new scenarios for positioning and navigation, radar technologies, and experiments…

Optical-frequency combs enable measurement precision at the 20th digit, and accuracy entirely commensurate with their reference oscillator. A new direction in experiments is the creation of ultracompact frequency combs by way of nonlinear…

Optical frequency combs play a crucial role in optical communications, time-frequency metrology, precise ranging, and sensing. Among various generation schemes, resonant electro-optic combs are particularly attractive for its excellent…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-02 Zhaoxi Chen , Yiwen Zhang , Hanke Feng , Yuansong Zeng , Ke Zhang , Cheng Wang

Next-generation communications, radar and navigation systems will extend and exploit the higher bandwidth of the millimeter-wave domain for increased communication data rates as well as radar with higher sensitivity and increased spatial…

Optical atomic clocks deliver unrivaled precision, yet their size and complexity still confine them to specialized laboratories. Frequency combs provide the crucial optical-to-microwave division needed for clock readout, but conventional…

Optics · Physics 2025-08-12 Andrei Diakonov , Konstantin Khrizman , Liron Stern

Modern communication, navigation, and radar systems rely on low noise and frequency-agile microwave sources. In this application space, photonic systems provide an attractive alternative to conventional microwave synthesis by leveraging…