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The rapid advancement of quantum computing poses a significant threat to many current security algorithms used for secure communication, digital authentication, and information encryption. A sufficiently powerful quantum computer could…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Basel Halak , Cristian Sebastian Csete , Edward Joyce , Jack Papaioannou , Alexandre Pires , Jin Soma , Betul Gokkaya , Michael Murphy

Modern web traffic relies on 2048-bit RSA encryption to secure our data in transit. Rapid advances in Quantum Computing pose a grave challenge by allowing hackers to break this encryption in hours. In August of 2024, the National Institute…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-11 Ananya Tadepalli

The advent of quantum computing poses a significant threat to the foundational cryptographic algorithms that secure modern digital communications. Protocols such as HTTPS, digital certificates, and public key infrastructures (PKIs) heavily…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Arimondo Scrivano

As quantum computing advances, modern cryptographic standards face an existential threat, necessitating a transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has selected CRYSTALS-Kyber…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Elif Dicle Demir , Buse Bilgin , Mehmet Cengiz Onbasli

The advent of quantum computing threatens the security of classical public-key cryptographic systems, prompting the transition to post-quantum cryptography (PQC). While PQC has been analyzed in theory, its performance in practical wireless…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Sanzida Hoque , Abdullah Aydeger , Engin Zeydan , Madhusanka Liyanage

In recent years, with the advancement of quantum computing, mainstream asymmetric cryptographic methods in the current Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) systems are gradually being threatened. Therefore, this study explores X.509 security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Abel C. H. Chen

This review examines how quantum computing and artificial intelligence challenge current cryptographic systems. We analyze the literature to assess the resilience of algorithms against quantum attacks (Shor's and Grover's algorithms) and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Viraaji Mothukuri , Reza M. Parizi

Quantum computing threatens the security foundations of consumer electronics (CE). Preparing the diverse CE ecosystem, particularly resource-constrained devices, for the post-quantum era requires quantitative understanding of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Daniel Commey , Benjamin Appiah , Griffith S. Klogo , Winful Bagyl-Bac , James D. Gadze , Yousef Alsenani , Garth V. Crosby

In recent years, quantum computers and Shor quantum algorithm have posed a threat to current mainstream asymmetric cryptography methods (e.g. RSA and Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC)). Therefore, it is necessary to construct a Post-Quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Abel C. H. Chen

The machinery of industrial environments was connected to the Internet years ago with the scope of increasing their performance. However, this change made such environments vulnerable against cyber-attacks that can compromise their correct…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Javier Oliva del Moral , Antonio deMarti iOlius , Gerard Vidal , Pedro M. Crespo , Josu Etxezarreta Martinez

The paper explains that post-quantum cryptography is necessary due to the introduction of quantum computing causing certain algorithms to be broken. We analyze the different types of post-quantum cryptography, quantum cryptography and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Marel Alvarado , Luke Gayler , Alex Seals , Tao Wang , Tao Hou

With the rapid advancements in quantum computing, traditional cryptographic schemes like Rivest-Shamir-Adleman (RSA) and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) are becoming vulnerable, necessitating the development of quantum-resistant…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Omar Alnaseri , Yassine Himeur , Shadi Atalla , Wathiq Mansoor

Collaborative threat intelligence via federated learning (FL) faces critical risks from quantum computing, which can compromise classical encryption methods. This study proposes a quantum-secure FL framework using post-quantum cryptography…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Prabhudarshi Nayak , Gogulakrishnan Thiyagarajan , Ritunsa Mishra , Vinay Bist

Cryptographically Relevant Quantum Computers (CRQCs) pose a structural threat to the global digital economy. Algorithms like Shor's factoring and Grover's search threaten to dismantle the public-key infrastructure (PKI) securing sovereign…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Abdulmalik Alquwayfili

In recent years, the advancement of quantum computing technology has posed potential security threats to RSA cryptography and elliptic curve cryptography. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) published…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Abel C. H. Chen

The rapid development of quantum computers threatens traditional cryptographic schemes, prompting the need for Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC). Although the NIST standardization process has accelerated the development of such algorithms,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Mauro Conti , Francesco Marchiori , Sebastiano Matarazzo , Marco Rubin

The emergence of quantum computing poses a formidable security challenge to network protocols traditionally safeguarded by classical cryptographic algorithms. This paper provides an exhaustive analysis of vulnerabilities introduced by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yaser Baseri , Vikas Chouhan , Abdelhakim Hafid

Quantum-resistant cryptography is cryptography that aims to deliver cryptographic functions and protocols that remain secure even if large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computers are built. NIST will soon announce the first selected…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-02 John Preuß Mattsson , Ben Smeets , Erik Thormarker

The financial sector faces escalating cyber threats amplified by artificial intelligence (AI) and the advent of quantum computing. AI is being weaponized for sophisticated attacks like deepfakes and AI-driven malware, while quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Ahmed M. Elmisery , Mirela Sertovic , Andrew Zayin , Paul Watson

Quantum Computing (QC) threatens the cryptographic foundations of Cloud Computing (CC), exposing distributed infrastructures to novel attack vectors. This survey provides comprehensive analysis of quantum-safe cloud security, examining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yaser Baseri , Abdelhakim Hafid , Arash Habibi Lashkari