Related papers: Internal groupoids as involutive-2-links

The entanglement of open curves in 3-space appears in many physical systems and affects their material properties and function. A new framework in knot theory was introduced recently, that enables to characterize the complexity of…

To every compact oriented surface that is composed entirely out of 2-dimensional 0- and 1-handles, we construct a dg category using structures arising in Khovanov homology. These dg categories form part of the 2-dimensional layer (a.k.a.…

We define bicategories internal to 2-categories. When the ambient 2-category is symmetric monoidal categories, this provides a convenient framework for encoding the structures of a symmetric monoidal 3-category. This framework is well…

A magmoid is a non-empty set with a partial binary operation; group-like magmoids generalize group-like magmas such as semigroups, monoids and groups. In this article, we first consider the many ways in which the notions of associative…

Transformation groupoids associated to group actions capture the interplay between global and local symmetries of structures described in set-theoretic terms. This paper examines the analogous situation for structures described in…

By use of a variety of techniques (most based on constructions of quasipositive knots and links, some old and others new), many smooth 3-manifolds are realized as transverse intersections of complex surfaces in complex 3-space with strictly…

Some properties of non-orientable 3-manifolds are shown. The semi-group of cobordism of immersions of surfaces in such manifolds is computed and proven actually to be a group. Explicit invariants are provided.

In this paper, we extend the definition of a knotoid that was introduced by Turaev, to multi-linkoids that consist of a number of knot and knotoid components. We study invariants of multi-linkoids that lie in a closed orientable surface,…

A Delta-groupoid is an algebraic structure which axiomatizes the combinatorics of a truncated tetrahedron. By considering two simplest examples coming from knot theory, we illustrate how can one associate a Delta-groupoid to an ideal…

We extend some fundamental definitions and constructions in the established generalisation of Lie theory involving Lie groupoids by reformulating them in terms of groupoids internal to a well-adapted model of synthetic differential…

Monoids and groupoids are examples of poloids. On the one hand, poloids can be regarded as one-sorted categories; on the other hand, poloids can be represented by partial magmas of partial transformations. In this article, poloids are…

The knot group is the fundamental group of a knot or link complement. A necessary and sufficient conditions for a group to be realized as the knot group of some link was provided. This result was shown using the closed braid method.…

The Ptolemy groupoid is a combinatorial groupoid generated by elementary moves on marked trivalent fatgraphs with three types of relations. Through the fatgraph decomposition of Teichm\"uller space, the Ptolemy groupoid is a mapping class…

We explore the category of internal categories in the usual category of (right) group-sets, whose objects are referred to as categorified group-sets. More precisely, we develop a new Burnside theory, where the equivalence relation between…

A groupoid is a small category in which all morphisms are isomorphisms. An inductive groupoid is a specialised groupoid whose object set is a regular biordered set and the morphisms admit a partial order. A normal category is a specialised…

We provide concrete models for generalized morphisms and Morita equivalences of topological 2-groupoids by introducing the notions of crossings and crossed extensions of groupoid crossed modules. A systematic study of these objects is…

We study internal structures in regular categories using monoidal methods. Groupoids in a regular Goursat category can equivalently be described as special dagger Frobenius monoids in its monoidal category of relations. Similarly,…

Many real-world complex networks are best modeled as bipartite (or 2-mode) graphs, where nodes are divided into two sets with links connecting one side to the other. However, there is currently a lack of methods to analyze properly such…

Loop braid groups characterize the exchange of extended objects, namely loops, in three dimensional space generalizing the notion of braid groups that describe the exchange of point particles in two dimensional space. Their interest in…

A Delta-groupoid is an algebraic structure which axiomitizes the combinatorics of a truncated tetrahedron. It is shown that there are relations of Delta-groupoids to rings, group pairs, and (ideal) triangulations of three-manifolds. In…