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Convolutional neural networks have been shown to develop internal representations, which correspond closely to semantically meaningful objects and parts, although trained solely on class labels. Class Activation Mapping (CAM) is a recent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Amir Rosenfeld , Shimon Ullman

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) achieve prevailing results in segmentation tasks nowadays and represent the state-of-the-art for image-based analysis. However, the understanding of the accurate decision-making process of a CNN is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Tillmann Rheude , Andreas Wirtz , Arjan Kuijper , Stefan Wesarg

This paper introduces an Enhanced Boolean version of the Correlation Matrix Memory (CMM), which is useful to work with binary memories. A novel Boolean Orthonormalization Process (BOP) is presented to convert a non-orthonormal Boolean…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-07-15 Mario Mastriani

Methods based on class activation maps (CAM) provide a simple mechanism to interpret predictions of convolutional neural networks by using linear combinations of feature maps as saliency maps. By contrast, masking-based methods optimize a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Hanwei Zhang , Felipe Torres , Ronan Sicre , Yannis Avrithis , Stephane Ayache

Cellular automata with memory (CAM) are widely used in fields such as image processing, pattern recognition, simulation, and cryptography. The invertibility of CAM is generally considered to be chaotic. Paper [Invertible behavior in…

Cellular Automata and Lattice Gases · Physics 2024-06-11 Chen Wang , Xiang Deng , Chao Wang

As the request for deep learning solutions increases, the need for explainability is even more fundamental. In this setting, particular attention has been given to visualization techniques, that try to attribute the right relevance to each…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Samuele Poppi , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

Tree-based machine learning techniques, such as Decision Trees and Random Forests, are top performers in several domains as they do well with limited training datasets and offer improved interpretability compared to Deep Neural Networks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Giacomo Pedretti , Catherine E. Graves , Can Li , Sergey Serebryakov , Xia Sheng , Martin Foltin , Ruibin Mao , John Paul Strachan

Analog Content Addressable Memories (aCAMs) have proven useful for associative in-memory computing applications like Decision Trees, Finite State Machines, and Hyper-dimensional Computing. While non-volatile implementations using FeFETs and…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Paul-Philipp Manea , Nathan Leroux , Emre Neftci , John Paul Strachan

The model of quantum associative memories (QAM) we propose here consists in simplifying and generalizing that of Rigui Zhou \etal \cite{zhou2012} who uses the quantum matrix with binary decision diagram and nonlinear search algorithm in his…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-10 J. -P. Tchapet Njafa , S. G. Nana Engo

Large-capacity Content Addressable Memory (CAM) is a key element in a wide variety of applications. The inevitable complexities of scaling MOS transistors introduce a major challenge in the realization of such systems. Convergence of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Kamran Eshraghian , Kyoung Rok Cho , Omid Kavehei , Soon-Ku Kang , Derek Abbott , Sung-Mo Steve Kang

The backbone of traditional CNN classifier is generally considered as a feature extractor, followed by a linear layer which performs the classification. We propose a novel loss function, termed as CAM-loss, to constrain the embedded feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Chaofei Wang , Jiayu Xiao , Yizeng Han , Qisen Yang , Shiji Song , Gao Huang

Content-Addressable Memory (CAM) is a powerful abstraction for building memory caches, routing tables and hazard detection logic. Without a native CAM structure available on FPGA devices, their functionality must be emulated using the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Thomas B. Preußer , Monica Chiosa , Alexander Weiss , Gustavo Alonso

Recently, there have been significant advances in neural methods for tackling knowledge-intensive tasks such as open domain question answering (QA). These advances are fueled by combining large pre-trained language models with learnable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Hengxin Fun , Sunil Gandhi , Sujith Ravi

The decision tree recursively partitions the input space into regions and derives axis-aligned decision boundaries from data. Despite its simplicity and interpretability, decision trees lack parameterized representation, which makes it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Jinxiong Zhang

Pattern recognition algorithms are commonly employed to simplify the challenging and necessary step of track reconstruction in sub-atomic physics experiments. Aiding in the discrimination of relevant interactions, pattern recognition seeks…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-14 Gregory Quiroz , Lauren Ice , Andrea Delgado , Travis S. Humble

Recent advances in machine learning and neuro-inspired systems enabled the increased interest in efficient pattern recognition at the edge. A wide variety of applications, such as near-sensor classification, require fast and low-power…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-31 Patrick Foster , Georgios Papandroulidakis , Alex Serb , Spyros Stathopoulos Themis Prodromakis

A content-addressable-memory compares an input search word against all rows of stored words in an array in a highly parallel manner. While supplying a very powerful functionality for many applications in pattern matching and search, it…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Can Li , Catherine E. Graves , Xia Sheng , Darrin Miller , Martin Foltin , Giacomo Pedretti , John Paul Strachan

Content-addressable memory (CAM) networks, so-called because stored items can be recalled by partial or corrupted versions of the items, exhibit near-perfect recall of a small number of information-dense patterns below capacity and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Sugandha Sharma , Sarthak Chandra , Ila R. Fiete

In this paper we propose a new approach to quantum neural networks. Our multi-layer architecture avoids the use of measurements that usually emulate the non-linear activation functions which are characteristic of the classical neural…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-30 Viet Pham Ngoc , Herbert Wiklicky

Compared with expensive pixel-wise annotations, image-level labels make it possible to learn semantic segmentation in a weakly-supervised manner. Within this pipeline, the class activation map (CAM) is obtained and further processed to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-06 Jiawei Liu , Jing Zhang , Yicong Hong , Nick Barnes